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CEE 1 > Anaphy Quiz 2 (Urinary) > Flashcards

Anaphy Quiz 2 (Urinary) Flashcards

1
Q

Structural and functional unit of kidneys

A

Nephrons

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2
Q

Two main structures of each nephron:

A
  1. Renal Corpuscle
  2. Renal tubule
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3
Q

Renal corpuscle consists of what

A
  1. Glomerulus
  2. Bowman’s Capsule/Glomerular Capsule
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4
Q

What makes up the Glomerulus

A

Podocytes

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5
Q

A knot of capillaries found in the renal corpuscle of nephrons

A

Glomerulus

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6
Q

A cupshaped structure that surrounds the glomrulus

A

Glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule

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7
Q

What are the subdivisions of the Renal Tubule:

A
  1. Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
  2. Nephron loop (loop of Henle)
  3. Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
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8
Q

a. Where does the Renal tubule start?
b. Where does it end?

A

a. Glomerular (Bowman’s) Capsule
b. Collecting Duct

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9
Q

These nephrons are located entirely in the cortex

A

Cortical nephrons

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9
Q

Most nephrons are located here

A

Cortical nephrons

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10
Q

Found at the cortex-medulla junction

A

Juxtamedullary nephrons

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11
Q

Two capillary beds associated with each nephron

A
  1. Glomerulus
  2. Peritubular capillary bed
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12
Q

Glomerulus is fed and drained by what?

A

Arterioles

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13
Q

Arises from a cortical radiate artery and feeds the glomerulus

A

Afferent Arteriole

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13
Q

Receives blood that has passed
through the glomerulus

A

Efferent Arteriole

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14
Q

Where does the Peritubular capillary bed arise?

A

Efferent Arteriole

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15
Q

These are low-pressure, porous capillaries that are adapted for absorption in the nephron

A

Peritubular capillary beds

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16
Q

Where does Peritubular capillary beds drain?

A

Interlobar veins

17
Q

Water and solutes smaller than proteins are forced through the
capillary walls and pores of the glomerular
capsule into the renal tubule.

A

Glomerular filtration:

18
Q

Urine formation is the result of three processes, what are these 3 processes?

A
  1. Glomerular filtration
  2. Tubular reabsorption
  3. Tubular secretion
19
Q

Water, glucose,
amino acids, and needed ions are
transported out of the filtrate into the tubule
cells and then enter the capillary blood.

A

Tubular reabsorption

20
Q

H1, K1, creatinine, and
drugs are removed from the peritubular blood
and secreted by the tubule cells into the
filtrate

A

Tubular secretion

21
Q

What substances are “too large” to pass through the filtration membrane?

A

Proteins and blood cells

22
Q

Once in the capsule, the fluid is called a what

A

Filtrate

22
Q

Filtrate leaves via the?

A

Renal Tubule

23
Q

Is filtration a nonselective or selective passive process?

A

Nonselective

23
Q

The peritubular capillaries reabsorb useful substances
from the renal tubule cells, such as:

A

▪ Water
▪ Glucose
▪ Amino acids
▪ Ions

23
Q

Where do most reabsorption occur

A

Proximal Convoluted tubule

24
Q

Is reabsorption mostly passive or active?

A

Mostly active

24
Q

Some materials move from the blood of the peritubular
capillaries into the renal tubules to be eliminated in
filtrate, what are these materials?

A

▪ Hydrogen and potassium ions
▪ Creatinine

25
Q

Secretion is important for:

(just reveal answer)

A

▪ Getting rid of substances not already in the filtrate
▪ Removing drugs and excess ions
▪ Maintaining acid-base balance of blood

26
Q

Most important trigger for aldosterone release

A

Renin-angiotensin mechanism

27
Q

Renin-angiotensin mechanism is mediated by what

A

Juxtaglomerular (JG) apparatus

28
Q

Renin-angiotensin mechanism:
(Just Reveal Answer)

A

Renin -> Angiotensin II -> causes vasoconstriction -> release of Aldosterone

Result: Increase in blood volume and pressure

28
Q

Cells of the JG apparatus are stimulated by what? Allowing the enzyme to be released into the blood

A

Low Blood Pressure

29
Q

Formation of glomerular filtrate

A

Glomerulus

30
Q

Reabsorption of 65% of filtered Na/K/Ca and Mg; 85% of NaHCO3, and nearly 100% of glucose and amino acids. Isosmotic reabsorption of water

A

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

31
Q

Secretion and reabsorption of organic acids and bases, including uric acid and most diuretics

A

Proximal Tubule, straight segments

32
Q

Passive reabsorption of water

A

Thin descending limb of Henle’s loop

33
Q

Active reabsorption of 15–25% of filtered Na/K/Cl; secondary reabsorption of Ca and Mg

A

Thick ascending limb of Henle’s Loop (TAL)

34
Q

Active reabsorption of 4-8% of filtered Na and Cl; Ca reabsorption under parathyroid hormone control

A

Distal Convoluted tubule (DCT)

35
Q

Na reabsorption (2-5%) coupled to K and H secretion

A

Cortical Collecting tubule (CCT)

36
Q

Water reabsorption under vasopressin control

A

Medullary collecting duct

CEE 1 (12 decks)

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