Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Laura’s Histology > Oral Environemnt > Flashcards

Oral Environemnt Flashcards

1
Q

Secretions of the minor salivary glands

A

All are mucous except lingual minor glands that are BOTH. Not mixed but have both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Gingival crevicular fluid function

A

Located in sulcus, no function but probably inflammatory, little GCF on healthy Gingivae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Flow rate at rest vs stimulated

A

Rest 0.3 stimulated 3ml/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Daily salivary flow

A

500-700ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Stimulated vs unstimulated saliva composition . Which is most active, when?

A

Unstimulated: majority is submandibular, parotid doesn’t secrete when sleeping

Stimulated: majority is parotid, least active is sublingual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Factors affecting unstimulated salivary flow rate

A

Hydration
Previous stimulation
Circadian rhythms
Medications
Salivary gland disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Composition of saliva

A

99.5% water (inorganic)
0.2% ions (organic if it contains carbon)

0.3% proteins (organic)
Almost zero carbs and lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does conc of Na, bicarbonate, chloride and potassium change as flow rate increases

A

Sodium and chloride increases
Potassium same
Bicarbonate increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Functions of oral fluids

A

Tastes,digestion,bolts formation

Buffering,remineralisation, lubrication

Antibacterial antifungal antiviral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Functions of fluoride, thiocyanate (SCN) in saliva

A

Fluoride promotes remineralisation, forms fluororapatire and also has antibacterial properties

SCN has antibacterial properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

List some buffers in saliva

A

Phosphate
Bicarbonate
Proteins like histatins
Bacterial AMMONIA (urea to ammonia when bacteria breaks down amino acids)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of receptors are found on salivary glands

A

Cholinergic stimulation of saliva
Acetylcholine binds to cholinergic receptor, release of calcium ions

Activation of sodium potassium pump (ATP)
Activation of chloride pump (no atp but facilitated diffusion using potassium )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What activates amylase

A

Chloride and calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Function of lactoperoxidase (sialoperoxidase)

A

It oxidises SCN to OSCN. SCN is thiocynate. Hypothiocynate has antimicrobial properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Function of cystatin

A

Tooth remineralisation and protection
Antimicrobial
Inhibits cysteine proteases in bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Function of cystatin

A

Promotes tooth remineralisation
Antimicrobial properties like inhibiting cysteine proteases in bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Function of gustin (carbonic anhydrase VI)

A

Facilitate taste function by a activating taste buds
Contains zinc
Activates phosphodisestera 5 which is linked to erectile dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Function of histatins

A

Buffer
Inhibit calcium phosphate precipitation, leading more in solution (supersaturation)
Antimicrobial
Inhibits Candida albicans and strept. Mutans

19
Q

Function of immunoglobulins

A

Plasma cells in salivary glands
Immune function
Secretory IgA (IgA are short term antibodies )
Specific immunity against bacteria

20
Q

IgG and IgM vs IgA

A

IgA is short term while IgM and IgG is long term

21
Q

Where is lipase produced in the mouth

A

von Ebner glands at the circumvallate papillae

22
Q

Function of lactoferrin

A

Antibacterial against bacteria that require iron because lactoferrin binds to iron, removing it from solution

23
Q

Mucoproteins function

A

Binds to tooth, component of primary pellicle
Lubricates
Affects bacterial adhesion, easier removal of bacterial aggregates (oral clearance)

24
Q

Pellicle

A

Thin sheet (kinda like biofilm?) that bacteria grow on

25
Q

Prp

A

Proline rich proteins in saliva

Main function is to promote remineralisation and protect tooth surface
Supersaturation of calcium and phosphate because it inhibits the growth of calcium phosphate crystals
Acts as a diffusion barrier, decrease mineral loss
Resists acid attack

26
Q

Statherins

A

Prevents ppt of calcium phosphate crystals
Supersaturated of ions

27
Q

Which saliva proteins are involved in remineralisation

A

Statherin and PRP

28
Q

Function of plasma-derived substances

A

These spill over from plasma into saliva
Proteins like albumins globulins
Some immunoglobulins like IgG
Hormones

29
Q

What does the common chemical sense for salivary stimuli mean?

A

Primitive response to irritants like spices

Mediated by nociceptors in mucous membrane

30
Q

Saliva ph

A

6.8

31
Q

Saliva hyper or hypo tonic?

A

Hypotonic

32
Q

Intercalated vs striated ducts histology

A

Striated simple columnar
Intercalated simple cubodisal

33
Q

Where and what happens at the first stage of saliva secretion?

A

Cholinergic stimulation of saliva
Calcium triggered by acetylcholine, Ach activates sodium potassium lumped and potassium chloride pump.
NaCl formed

34
Q

Where and what happens at the second stage of saliva secretion?

A

Reabsorbed Na and Cl
Secretion of K and bicarbonate

35
Q

Volume of saliva in mouth

A

1.1ml

36
Q

Thickness of film of saliva

A

50-100um
Film is in motion (flow velocity depends on region)

37
Q

Flow rate at different parts of the mouth

A

Fast in lower lingual region
Slow in Labial Buccal regions

38
Q

Secretions on Buccal side by which glands

A

Minor glands

39
Q

Factors affecting clearance

A

Clearance is the rate at which SUBSTANCE are removed from the mouth

  • salivary film velocity
  • Location
40
Q

2 types of artificial sweeteners

A

Bulk caloric/ Low caloric sweeteners
High intensity non caloric sweeteners

Sweeteners cannot be metabolites by bacteria

41
Q

Name bulk sweeteners

A

Sucrose fructose glucose lactose

42
Q

Name non caloric high intensity sweeteners

A

Aspartame cyclamates saccharin sucralose

43
Q

Name Low caloric sweeteners

A

Mannitol sorbitol xylitol

44
Q

How do side effect of drugs cause xerostomia

A

May affect ANS control of salivary glands

Laura’s Histology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions