Oral Ecology Flashcards
dysbiosis in the mouth is an important cause of
dental caries and periodontitis
oral microbiome composition and abundance
different at different sites
lots on the teeth and gingival crevice
not as much on the cheeks
lots on the tongue
colonization begins when
during/around birth
vaginal canal, parents saliva and skin, nursing, milk
stepwise colonization of the mouth starts with
pioneer organisms
pioneer organisms must be able to
survive in the mouth and attach to the mucosal membrane there, degrade IgA
activities and presence of these organisms allow for other organisms to survive in the mouth, altering pH, providing receptors, producing metabolites
1-6 months
first anaerobic bacteria appear
6-10 months
Streptococcus mutans and Actinomyces sp. appear
what develops in young adulthood
climax community
dynamic - competition for receptors, toxin production, pH changes
oral community can be disrupted by
diet
metabolic diseases
antimicrobial therapy
scaling/physical disruption
immunosuppression
losing all your teeth
oral ecosystem: teeth
many surfaces
mucosa, constant shedding (prevents formation of complex biofilms)
gingival sulcus (perio pockets, apposition/juxtaposition)
oral ecosystem: tongue
large reservoir for bacteria - obligate anaerobes
papillae - hiding spaces
low redox potential
oral ecosystem: saliva
contains bicarbonate and acts as a buffer
adsorbs a thin layer of protein and carbs
acts as a nutrient source
mechanical cleaning
less at night
whats in saliva
lots of IgA, very little IgG or IgM
enzymes: amylase, lysozyme, peroxidase
anti-microbial peptides: lactoferrin, defensins, cathelicidin
oral ecosystem: gingival crepuscular fluid
serum fluid reaching teeth through the junctional epithelium: contains IgG and IgM, contains neutrophils
low flow rate, but if inflamed it will increase
source of nutrients and co-factors
neutrophils activate and degrade bacteria there
