Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology 2 > Lecture 15 > Flashcards

Lecture 15 Flashcards

Parasites and Fungus

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is parasitism

A

living organism taking nourishment from host
lives on or in the host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ectoparasite

A

live on outer surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

endoparasite

A

lives inside the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

obligate parasite

A

requires host for all phases of life cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

facultative parasite

A

can be free living, but can live in a host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

accidental parasite

A

parasite finds the wrong host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

erratic parasite

A

parasite that finds the wrong organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

definitive host

A

harbors the adult stage, or where there is sexual reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

intermediate host

A

has the larval stage or asexual reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

paratenic host

A

some other host, temporary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

reservoir host

A

host is generally not greatly harmed by the parasite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

protozoa

A

single cells with an organized structure
eat solids
need aquatic/moist environment
complicated life cycle
fecal-oral route of transmission
classified on locomotion: amoebae, flagellates, apicomplexa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

protozoa schizogony

A

multiple rounds of mitosis without cytokinesis - creates a schizont
then cytokinesis occurs, releasing merozoites (daughter cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

protozoa - amoebae

A

moves with pseudopodia
active growing phase - trophozoites
environmentally protected form - cysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

entamoeba histolytica

A

wide range of disease: diarrhea, dysentery, liver abscess, asymptomatic
fecal-oral transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

entamoeba gingivalis

A

oral commensal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

environmental amoebae

A

surface water
corneal infections with contact lens
cribriform plate
CNS infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

protozoa - flagellates

A

move with flagella
active growing phase - trophozoites
environmentally protected form - cysts
have a rigid outer wall - provides shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

giardia lamblia

A

wide range of disease: chronic diarrhea or asymptomatic
fecal-oral transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

trichomonas vaginalis

A

vaginitis
sexual transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

protozoa - apicomplexa

A

mature forms are non-motile
obligate intracellular parasites
complex life cycles
have a complex at the apical end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

plasmodium spp

A

mosquito transmitted
malaria
life threatening

23
Q

toxoplasma gondii

A

mostly asymptomatic
can cause fetal malformations
can transmit from cat stool

24
Q

crytosporidium spp

A

watery diarrhea, can be chronic
fecal-oral or water borne

25
Q

helminths

A

worms
multicellular, macroscopic

26
Q

flatworms

A

flat on cross section
cestodes (Tapeworms)
trematodes (Flukes)

27
Q

roundworms

A

round on cross section
Nematodes
Hookworms
Pinworms

28
Q

cestodes - tapeworms

A

adult form: ribbon-like and segmented
abdominal discomfort

larval form: penetrates gut and lodges
intermediate hosts are humans

29
Q

nematodes - tapeworms

A

have a complete digestive tract and separate sexes
very diverse group

30
Q

A. Lumbricoides

A

abdominal pain/discomfort
transmits fecal-oral with ova in stool

31
Q

T. Spiralis

A

massive inflammation early
muscle damage later
transmits by eating undercooked meat

32
Q

ectoparasites

A

colonizes
insects - fleas, lice, bedbugs
arachnida - ticks, mites
nuisance, itchy
vectors for disease

33
Q

tick

A

borrelia burgdorferi
lyme disease

34
Q

fleas

A

yersinia pestis
bubonic plague

35
Q

humans eating fungus

A

bread, beer
Saccharomyces cerevisiae

soy sauce
Aspergillus oryzae

mushrooms and cheese

36
Q

fungus eating humans

A

can infect humans - mycosis or mycoses
superficial - skin, nails… Thrush, Ringworm
subcutaneous - traumatic implantation… tissue destruction and sinus
systemic mycoses - immunodeficiency, acquired through respiratory tract

37
Q

fungus

A

have a cell wall comprised of polysaccharides including chitin and chitosan

haploid cells mate to make diploid cells, undergo meiosis which produces four haploid spores

38
Q

yeast

A

single cells, elongate to form chain
pseudohyphae
reproduce by budding
blastospores

39
Q

molds

A

multicellular
tubular hyphae with or without separations
create specialized sporing structures

40
Q

dimorphic yeast

A

at lower/room temperature replicate as molds
at higher/body temperature replicate as yeasts
includes some pathogenic fungi with limited geographic distribution
spores can be infectious

41
Q

candida albicans

A

opportunistic pathogen
lack exotoxins or endotoxins
slow and chronic infections
thrush and yeast infections

42
Q

systemic candidasis virulent attributes

A

adhere to tissues and prostheses
change surface antigens
invade tissue with hyphae
produce enzymes that degrade host cells

43
Q

candida infections

A

thrush - oral, vaginal, perianal, esophageal

44
Q

pseudomembraneous candidasis

A

white membrane with raw, red base underneath

45
Q

erthematous candidasis

A

immunosuppression, antibiotic use or dentures

46
Q

angular stomatitis

A

lesions at angles of the mouth
erythema, soreness and fissuring
S. Aureus

47
Q

skin infections

A

candida infection
diaper rash or nails

48
Q

candida systemic infections

A

urinary tract - catheters
endocarditis - artificial heart valves of IV drug use
septicemia - with immunosuppression - throughout solid organs

49
Q

antifungals

A

major target is the fungal cell membrane
ergosterol vs cholesterol

50
Q

nystatin and amphotericin B

A

binds to ergosterol and creates a pore

51
Q

azoles

A

antifungal ex: fluconazole, clotrimazole, miconazole
inhibit synthesis by inhibiting enzyme required for ergosterol synthesis

52
Q

micafungin, anidulafungin

A

antifungals
inhibit glucan synthesis or specific gylcan in fungal cell wall

53
Q

keratolytic fungi

A

attack keratin - nail, hair, skin
produce keratinase
many different species

54
Q

dermophytes and dermatophytosis

A

fungal penetration balances squamous cell turnover long lasting
requires some minor trauma to establish
driven by moisture and occlusion
jock itch, athletes’ foot, ringworm
tinea cruris, tinea pedis, tinea corporis

Microbiology 2 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions