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Histology > Oral Cavity & Tooth Development (Exam III) > Flashcards

Oral Cavity & Tooth Development (Exam III) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the oral cavity bound by superiorly?

A

Hard & soft palate

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2
Q

What is the oral cavity bound by inferiorly?

A

Tongue & floor of mouth

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3
Q

What is the oral cavity bound by anteriorly & laterally?

A

Teeth (dental arcade)

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4
Q

What is the oral cavity bound by posteriorly?

A

Oropharynx

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5
Q

Area enclosed between lips & teeth:

A

Vestibule

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6
Q

Transitional zone between external haired skin & internal oral mucosa:

A

Vermillion border

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7
Q

Color of the vermillion border is derived from:

A

Highly vascular dermis & thin overlying keratinized epidermis

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8
Q

_____ refers to the color of the lips

A

Vermillion

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9
Q

The lips are red because the overlying epidermis is very thin, allowing the _____ of the underlying dermis to show through:

A

Blood vessels

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10
Q

What type of cells make up the thin epidermis of the vermillion border:

A

Stratified squamous, keratinized epithelium

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11
Q

Lips lack:

A

Sweat & sebaceous glands

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12
Q

Lips are highly sensitive due to:

A

Rich sensory innervation

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13
Q

Oral cavity responsibilities: (3)

A

1- ingestion
2- fragmentation
3- moistening of food

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14
Q

Involves cutting, chewing & grinding of food by occlusal surfaces of teeth:

A

Mastication

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15
Q

Mastication is assisted by:

A

Lips, tongue, salivary glands (3)

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16
Q

Food material chopped up by teeth & covered in saliva to make it easier to swallow:

A

Bolus

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17
Q

Swallowing is also referred to as:

A

Deglutition

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18
Q

In addition the digestive functions of the oral cavity- the oral cavity is also involved in: (4)

A

1- speech
2- facial expression
3- sensory perception
4- respiration

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19
Q

Because the lips lack sweat & sebaceous glands they require:

A

Constant moistening

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20
Q

Critical for outcome of interactions- produced by the oral cavity:

A

Facial expressions

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21
Q

Non-keratinized mucosa found on inner cheeks, floor mouth, inferior surface of tongue & soft palate:

A

Lining mucosa

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22
Q

List the locations of lining mucosa: (4)

A

1- inner cheeks
2- floor of mouth
3- inferior surface of tongue
4- soft palate

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23
Q

The lining mucosa lacks:

A

Stratum corneum

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24
Q

The lining mucosa is:

A

Non-keratinized

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25
Q

Why must the lining mucosa be kept moist?

A

Because it lacks a stratum corneum

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26
Q

Present in areas of high abrasion:

A

Masticatory mucosa

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27
Q

List two example of areas of high abrasion in which masticatory mucosa would be located:

A

1- gingiva
2- hard palate

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28
Q

Masticatory mucosa is ______ or _______

A

Keratinized or Parakeratinized

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29
Q

When cells of the stratum corneum do not lose their nuclei they are said to be:

A

Parakeritinized

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30
Q

Thicker epithelium that has living cells on the epithelial surface- cross between keratinized & non-keratinized

A

Parakeratinized

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31
Q

Restricted to the dorsal surface of the tongue; keratinized:

A

Specialized mucosa

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32
Q

In regards to the tongue, where is specialized mucosa located:

A

Dorsal surface of tongue

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33
Q

Is specialized mucosa of the tongue keratinized or nonkeratinized?

A

Keratinized

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34
Q

The tongue is a _____ organ composed of interlacing ____ fibers:

A

Muscular organ; skeletal muscle

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35
Q

______ are scattered throughout the tongue:

A

Accessory salivary glands

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36
Q

What is between the musculature layers of the tongue?

A

Lamina propria

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37
Q

Because the fibers of the tongue are are arranged in multiple planes, this provides:

A

High range of motion

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38
Q

The tongue functions in:

A

Manipulation of food

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39
Q

The tongue assists with:

A

Speaking

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40
Q

The accessory salivary glands that are scattered throughout the tongue are in what layer?

A

Lamina propria between skeletal muscle layers

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41
Q

The tongue is innervated by:

A

Various cranial nerves

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42
Q

List the cranial nerves providing innervation of the tongue:

A

5, 7, 9, 10, 12

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43
Q

What cranial nerve provides general sensation anterior to the sulcus terminals?

A

Cranial nerve V

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44
Q

What cranial nerve provides taste?

A

Cranial nerve VII

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45
Q

What cranial nerve provides general sensation & taste posterior to the sulcus terminalis:

A

Cranial nerve IX

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46
Q

What cranial nerve provides taste & perhaps motor as well?

A

Cranial nerve X

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47
Q

What cranial nerve provides motor to the oral cavity?

A

Cranial nerve XII

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48
Q

The tongue is supported inferiorly by the:

A

Frenulum

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49
Q

Thin band of connective tissue anchoring tongue to the floor of the mouth

A

Frenulum

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50
Q

Embryologically, the anterior 2/3 of the tongue is derived from:

A

Ectoderm

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51
Q

Embryologically, the posterior 1/3 of the tongue is derived from:

A

Pharynx (mesoderm)

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52
Q

The anterior 2/3 & posterior 1/3 of the tongue is separated by a groove called the:

A

Sulcus terminalis

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53
Q

Both the anterior 2/3 & posterior 1/3 of the tongue are covered by:

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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54
Q

The stratified squamous of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue is:

A

Not keratinized

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55
Q

The stratified squamous epithelium of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue is:

A

Keratinized

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56
Q

What anatomical feature prevents the tongue from flipping backwards & occluding the larynx?

A

Frenulum

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57
Q

The sulcus terminalis is a result of:

A

Embryological origins of the tongue

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58
Q

Most numerous papillae of the tongue?

A

Filiform papillae

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59
Q

Keratinized, short bristles, that are distributed in parallel rows (papillae):

A

Filiform papillae

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60
Q

The Filiform papillae lack _____ & are primarily _____

A

Tastebuds; tactile

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61
Q

Mushroom-shaped papillae, scattered among the Filiform papillae:

A

Fungiform papillae

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62
Q

Where are the tastebuds located on the Fungiform papillae?

A

Dorsal surface

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63
Q

Papillae located in furrows/ridges on the lateral portion of the tongue:

A

Foliate papillae

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64
Q

Location of tastebuds on foliate papillae:

A

Lateral portion

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65
Q

What are associated with the salivary glands (Von Ebner’s glands) at the base of the papillae:

A

Foliate Papillae

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66
Q

What type of salivary glands are foliate papillae associated with?

A

Von Ebner’s salivary glands

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67
Q

Describe foliate papillae in humans:

A

Rudimentary in humans
Contain tastebuds in children & degenerate with age

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68
Q

Row of 8-12 large dome-shaped papillae:

A

Circumvallate papillae

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69
Q

Where are circumvillate papillae located?

A

Immediately anterior to the sulcus terminalis

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70
Q

Circumvallate are surrounded by _____ containing _____

A

Moat-like sulcus containing large number of taste buds laterally around the base

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71
Q

In addition to the foliate papillae, what additional type of papillae are associated with the salivary glands (Von Ebner’s) at the base of the papillae?

A

Circumvillate papillae

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72
Q

Circumvillate papillae refers to a ____ sulcus that surrounds the papillae:

A

A mobilized sulcus

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73
Q

In humans, tastebuds are located on the ______ of the tongue

A

Papillae

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74
Q

What papillae are not associate with tastebuds:

A

Filiform

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75
Q

Adults have 3,000-10,000 tastebuds & past the age of 45 many of these:

A

Degenerate

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76
Q

The degeneration of tastebuds is responsible for:

A

Changes in taste with age

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77
Q

Tastebuds are also scattered over:

A

Palate, pharynx & epiglottis

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78
Q

Oval tastebuds consist of up to 20-30 spindle-shaped central:

A

Taste cells

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79
Q

Another name for taste cells:

A

Gustatory cells

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80
Q

Taste cells contain:

A

Terminal taste hairs

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81
Q

What is the shape of the taste cells?

A

Spindle-shaped

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82
Q

Taste hairs projects from the ______ in to a central _____

A

Surface of the cell; central taste pore

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83
Q

The taste hairs are covered by a ______ to protect & moisten

A

Glycoprotein coat

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84
Q

Taste hairs are surrounded by:

A

Substentacular cells & basal cells

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85
Q

Describe the lifespan of taste cells:

A

Continuously lost & replaced around every ten days

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86
Q

Taste cells are associated with:

A

Myelinated nerve endings

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87
Q

Taste buds are innervated by fibers from:

A

Cranial nerve VII, IX, X

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88
Q

What are the four basic tastes:

A

Sweet, sour, bitter, salty

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89
Q

Each taste cell contains receptors for _______but individuals taste buds contains ______

A

Only one taste; mixture of taste cells

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90
Q

What type of taste receptors are concentrated on Circumvallate papillae

A

Bitter

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91
Q

What acts as a carrier for taste?

A

Saliva

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92
Q

Fifth taste that was recently discovered:

A

Umami

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93
Q

Umami is associated with:

A

Circumvillate papillae

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94
Q

Umami can be described as:

A

Savory

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95
Q

Umami taste cells detect certain ______ including _____ & _____

A

Amino acids; glutamate & aspartame

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96
Q

Glutamate & aspartate are characteristic of:

A

Asparagus, tomatoes, beef, cheese & MSG

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97
Q

Contain greater than normal numbers of circumvillate papillae:

A

Super-tasters

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98
Q

Super-tasters are more sensitive to:

A

Bitter tastes

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99
Q

Recent studies have shown evidence for a 6th taste for:

A

Fat

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100
Q

There is a _____ for taste

A

Genetic basis

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101
Q

Example of a genetic basis for taste

A

PTC (Phenylthiocarbamide)

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102
Q

What determines if you can taste PTC?

What are the names of the individuals who can vs. can’t:

A

If you have a gene for PTC

Tasters vs. non-tasters

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103
Q

Taste influences:

A

Food preferences

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104
Q

A decreased ability to detect taste:

A

Hypogeusia

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105
Q

Heredity condition characterized by total absence of tastebuds:

A

Type I familial dysautonomia

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106
Q

In the posterior tongue- the underlying mucosa in the caudal 1/3 is a mass of:

A

Lymphoid tissue

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107
Q

The underlying mucosa in the caudal 1/3 of the posterior tongue is a mass of lymphoid tissue called:

A

Lingual tonsil

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108
Q

The lingual tonsil is similar to _______ & ______ in structure & function:

A

Palatine & pharyngeal tonsils

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109
Q

Tonsils are located in a ring around the:

A

Nasopharynx

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110
Q

The tonsils are located in a ring around the Nasopharynx collectively referred to as:

A

Waldeyer’s rings

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111
Q

Waldeyer’s ring functions to:

A

Protect respiratory & digestive tract

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112
Q

Extension of posterior free margin of soft palate:

A

Uvula

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113
Q

The uvula is an extension of:

A

Posterior free margin of soft palate

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114
Q

The uvula has a central core of:

A

Skeletal muscle

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115
Q

The uvula is covered by:

A

Lining mucosa

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116
Q

The lining mucosa covering the uvula consists of large numbers of:

A

Submucosa (palatine) glands

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117
Q

The supposed function of the uvula is:

A

Preventing food from entrance into the nasal cavity during swallowing

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118
Q

Distributed throughout the submucosa of the oral cavity

A

Salivary glands

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119
Q

List the three major pairs of the salivary glands:

A

Parotid, submandibular, sublingual

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120
Q

Largest salivary gland, located on the cheeks & almost completely serous

A

Parotid

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121
Q

Where are the parotid salivary glands located?

A

On the cheeks

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122
Q

The parotid gland is completely:

A

Serous

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123
Q

Stenson’s duct is the:

A

Parotid duct

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124
Q

The parotid duct opens within the:

A

Vestibule

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125
Q

Location of the parotid duct

A

Opposite the upper 2nd molars

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126
Q

Salivary gland located below the tongue that is mostly mucous

A

Sublingual

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127
Q

The sublingual salivary gland is mostly:

A

Mucous

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128
Q

Salivary gland located inferior & medial to the ramus of the mandible

A

Submandibular

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129
Q

The submandibular salivary gland is what type of gland?

A

Mixed

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130
Q

Wharton’s duct is another name for:

A

Submandibular duct

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131
Q

The submandibular duct opens at the:

A

Sublingual caruncle

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132
Q

Numerous smaller _____ are scatter throughout the oral mucosal

A

Accessory glands

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133
Q

List five accessory glands that are scattered throughout the oral mucosa:

A

Lingual, labial, buccal, molar & palatine glands

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134
Q

Which salivary gland is one that you often palpate?

A

Submandibular gland

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135
Q

Salivary gland that contains both serous & mucous acini:

A

Submandibular gland

136
Q

Compound branched tubuloacinar glands

A

Salivary glands

137
Q

The secretory unit of a salivary gland is:

A

Acinus

138
Q

What type of cells surround the acini?

A

Myoepithelial cells

139
Q

What is the function of the myoepithelial cells that surround the acini of salivary glands?

A

Contraction aids in secretions of saliva into ducts

140
Q

Acini can be _____ or _____

A

Serous
Mucous

141
Q

Serous acinus of mixed glands are often in the form of:

A

Demilunes

142
Q

Lined by simple cuboidal epithelium- secrete HCO3 & resorb Cl

A

Intercalated ducts of salivary glands

143
Q

What are intercalated ducts of salivary glands lined by?

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

144
Q

Intercalated ducts of salivary glands secrete _____ & resorb ____

A

HCO3
Cl

145
Q

The basic histological makeup of salivary glands consists of:

A

Acinar glands & ductal components

146
Q

The ductal components of salivary glands can be divided into what three components:

A

Intercalated ducts, striated ducts, excretory ducts

147
Q

Ducts within salivary glands that are simple cuboidal to columnar epithelium

A

Striated ducts

148
Q

What makes the striated ducts of epithelial cells striated?

A

Posses basal striations due to folding of plasma membrane

149
Q

Striated ducts possess _____ due to folding of the _____

A

Basal striations; plasma membrane

150
Q

What is the function of the striated ducts within salivary glands? (3)

A

Resorb Na
Secrete K into saliva
Secrete lysozyme & IgA

151
Q

Striated ducts of the salivary glands empty into larger:

A

Excretory ducts

152
Q

Type of cells that comprise excretory ducts:

A

Stratified cuboidal or psuedostratified columnar epithelium

153
Q

___________ inhibits aqueous secretion resulting in thick, viscous saliva rich in protein

A

Sympathetic stimulation

154
Q

Results in copious watery saliva

A

Parasympathetic simulation

155
Q

The three major components of saliva:

A

Water, glycoproteins & proteins

156
Q

The enzyme within saliva responsible for converting starch to sugar:

A

Amylase

157
Q

The enzyme within saliva responsible for antibacterial properties

A

Lysozyme

158
Q

Antibody contained within saliva:

A

IgA

159
Q

Inorganic ions within saliva include:

A

Calcium, phosphate and chlorine

160
Q

Saliva is high in _____ & ____ & low in ____

A

K & bicarbonate
Na

161
Q

Average saliva production in humans per day:

A

600-1500 ml/day

162
Q

Six main functions of saliva include:

1- _____ oral mucosa & dry food
2- provides _______ for sense of taste
3- ______ through high ____ content
4- digestion of ___ via _____
5- _____ function through secretion of salivary IgA
6- Control of _____

A

1- moistens
2- carrier medium
3- buffering; bicarbonate
4- carbohydrates; amylase
5- Immunologic
6- bacterial flora

163
Q

Proteins in saliva cover teeth with _______

A

Acquired pellicle

164
Q

Proteins in saliva cover teeth with acquired pellicle in order to:

A

Control bacterial flora

165
Q

Saliva contains ____ that prevent tooth decay

A

Antibodies

166
Q

Decreased salivary production:

A

Exacerbates tooth decay

167
Q

Why when your nervous do you get dry mouth?

A

Sympathetic stimulation

168
Q

What is the primary component of saliva?

A

Water

169
Q

Where does digestion start?

A

Oral cavity

170
Q

What causes the potassium level to be high and the sodium level to be low in saliva?

A

Intercalated ducts & striated ducts

171
Q

Saliva is high in bicarb which is trying to buffer the:

A

Acidic content of the stomach

172
Q

The protein coating made from saliva that helps to prevent tooth decay

A

Acquired pellicle

173
Q

Teeth are grossly divided into:

A

Root & crown

174
Q

Portion of tooth embedded in bone is called:

A

Tooth root

175
Q

The tooth root lays in part of the jaw called the:

A

Alveolar ridge

176
Q

The alveolar ridge lays within the tooth socket called the:

A

Alveolus

177
Q

Portion of the tooth that’s projects into the oral cavity:

A

Crown

178
Q

The crown of the tooth is protected by a layer of highly mineralized:

A

Enamel

179
Q

Hard translucent substance that containing less than 1% organic material & 96-98% of hydroxyapatite

A

Enamel

180
Q

Enamel contains very little _____ and is almost entirely made up of ____

A

Organic material
Hydroxyapatite

181
Q

Enamel is _____ in origin

A

Ectodermal

182
Q

Enamel is secreted by tall, columnar _____of ______

A

Ameloblasts of enamel organ

183
Q

Describe the ameloblasts that secrete enamel:

A

Tall, columnar

184
Q

The apical, secretory end of 5the ameloblasts forms a single large process called the:

A

Tome’s process

185
Q

Tome’s process is formed by the ________ of ameloblast

A

Apical, secretory end

186
Q

Enamel mineralization is _______ resulting in highly calcified enamel rods or prisms

A

Non-uniform

187
Q

Because enamel mineralization is non-uniform it results in:

A

Highly calcified enamel rods or prisms

188
Q

The highly calcified enamel rods/prisms are ______ in shape

A

Roughly hexagonal

189
Q

The enamel rods/prisms are separated by less mineralized:

A

Interprismatic material

190
Q

Enamel rods extend from ameloblasts at ______ to ______

A

Enamel surface to dentino-enamel junction

191
Q

The bulk of the tooth is composed of less mineralized:

A

Dentine

192
Q

Dentine is ____ in origin

A

Mesodermal

193
Q

Dentine is secreted by ____ of _____ as non-mineralized ______

A

Odontoblasts
Dental papilla
Pre-dentine

194
Q

Dentine is chemically similar to _______ but more _____

A

Bone; mineralized

195
Q

Dentine is comprised of around 70% _______

A

Hydroxyapatite crystals

196
Q

In addition to hydroxyapapite crystals, Dentine also contains:

A

Type I collagen & GAGs

197
Q

Dentine is arranged in:

A

Dentine tubules

198
Q

Hollow parallele tubules radiating from the pulp cavity:

A

Dentine tubules

199
Q

Dentine tubules radiate out from the:

A

Pulp cavity

200
Q

Long cytoplasmic processes of odontoblasts contained within the pulp cavity:

A

Tome’s fibers

201
Q

Dentin is initially secreted in a ____ form that is later ___

A

Unmineralized form
Mineralized

202
Q

Central portion of the crown and roots that contain support structures

A

Pulp cavity

203
Q

Support structures within the pulp cavity of the tooth include:

A

Sensory nerves & blood vessels

204
Q

Dentine is interacted by:

A

Myelinated nerves

205
Q

Dental pulp is ____ in origin

A

Mesodermal

206
Q

Dental pulp resembles:

A

Primitive mesenchyme

207
Q

What is dental pulp made of: (4)

A

1- stellate fibroblasts
2- collagen
3- ground substance
4- reticular fibers

208
Q

Dental pulp is richly supplied by:

A

Capillaries from arterioles running with periodontal ligament

209
Q

Richly supplied by capillaries from arterioles running with the periodontal ligament

A

Dental pulp

210
Q

The tooth root is covered by a thin layer of:

A

Cementum

211
Q

Cementum is ____ in origin

A

Mesodermal

212
Q

Amorphous, collagen-based, calcified tissue that covered the tooth root

A

Cementum

213
Q

Cementum is 45-50% comprised of _______

A

Hydroxyapatite

214
Q

Cementum is manufactured by ____ that later mature into _____

A

Cementoblasts
Cementocytes

215
Q

Cementoblasts & cementocytes are structurally & functionally similar to:

A

Osteoblast & osteocytes

216
Q

Immature form of cementocytes:

A

Cementoblasts

217
Q

The cementum layer anchored to the bone of alveolus with fiber of the:

A

Periodontal ligament

218
Q

The periodontal ligament/membrane is composed of:

A

Dense collagenous fibers called sharpeys fibers

219
Q

The dense collagenous fibers that comprise the periodontal ligament/membrane

A

Sharpeys fibers

220
Q

Run at an oblique angle & support the tooth in the socket

A

Sharpeys fibers

221
Q

Allows form slight movement of the tooth during mastication

A

Periodontal ligament

222
Q

Clusters of epithelial cells occasionally seen within the periodontal ligament:

A

Vestigial epithelial rests of Malassez

223
Q

The periodontal ligament allows for a little bit of rocking/rotation of the teeth to allow for better:

A

Occlusal contact or grinding

224
Q

Region of the tooth between the root & crown is known as the:

A

Neck of the tooth

225
Q

The neck of the tooth is protected by masticatory oral mucosa called the:

A

Gingiva

226
Q

Gingiva is:

A

Masticatory oral mucosa that protects the neck of the tooth

227
Q

The gingiva covers the upper portion of the:

A

Alveolar ridge

228
Q

The two subcategories of gingiva include:

A

Attached gingiva & free gingiva

229
Q

Gingiva that covers the upper alveolar bone:

A

Attached gingiva

230
Q

Gingiva that forms the cuff around the neck of the tooth

A

Free gingiva

231
Q

Space between the free gingiva & crown is called the:

A

Gingival sulcus or crevice

232
Q

The gingival sulcus (crevice) is lined by:

A

Crevicular epithelium

233
Q

Describe the crevicular epithelium:

A

Very thin- only 2-3 cells thick

234
Q

Because the crevicular epithelium lining the gingival sulcus (crevice) is very thin, this allows it to be:

A

Easily breached by bacteria

235
Q

When the crevicular epithelium is breached by bacteria this leads to:

A

Periodontal disease called gingivitis

236
Q

Tissues that surround & support the tooth are collectively referred to as the:

A

Periodontium

237
Q

The periodontium includes (4):

A

Epithelium, cementum, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone

238
Q

A tooth is formed between:

A

Two opposing layers of epithelial cells

239
Q

The two opposing layers of epithelial cells that a tooth is formed between:

A

Ameloblasts of the enamel organ & odontoblasts of dental papilla

240
Q

Origin of enamel

A

Ectodermal

241
Q

Dentine, cementum, pulp & periodontal ligament are all of ____ origin

A

Mesodermal

242
Q

Around the ______ week of development a horseshoe-shaped epithelial ridge arises form oral epithelial

A

Sixth

243
Q

What arises around the week of fetal development

A

A horseshoe shaped epithelial ridge

244
Q

Around the sixth week of development, the horseshoe-shaped epithelial ridge arises from:

A

Oral epithelium

245
Q

The hotshot-shaped ridge that arises around the 6th week of development forms the ______ in the position of ______

A

Dental lamina
Future jaws

246
Q

In each quadrant, lamina develops several:

A

Globular ectodermal swellings

247
Q

One globular ectodermal swelling forms for:

A

Each deciduous tooth

248
Q

The superficial half of the globular ectodermal swelling forms:

A

Enamel organs

249
Q

The deep half of the globular, ectodermal swellings forms:

A

Dental papilla

250
Q

The lamina develops several globular ectodermal swellings: (location)

A

In EACH quadrant

251
Q

The enamel organ is initially _____ shaped in the ____ stage

A

Cup-shaped; cap stage

252
Q

Cells of the enamel organ progressively differentiate & become _______ with ______

A

Stellate reticulum with extracellular matrix of GAGs

253
Q

Cells of what origin differentiate into stellate reticulum with the extracellular matrix of GAGs

A

Enamel origin

254
Q

The stellate reticulum later forms a ____ shaped structure during the _____ stage

A

Bell-shaped; bell stage

255
Q

During the bell stage of odontogenesis:

the cells lining the outer, convex surface of enamel organ become the _______

The cells lining the concave surface of the enamel organ form the ______

A

External enamel epithelium

Internal enamel epithelium

256
Q

During the bell stage of odontogenesis, the internal enamel epithelium differentiate into:

A

Tall, columnar ameloblasts

257
Q

The process of enamel formation:

A

Amelogenesis

258
Q

Describe the ameloblast & odontoblast layers & what happens here:

A

Ameloblast layer & odontoblast layer are in direct opposition of eachother & the tooth will form between these two layers

259
Q

Deep to the developing enamel organs is ______ that develops into _____

A

Primitive mesenchyme; dental papilla

260
Q

Where is the location of the primitive mesenchyme that develops into dental papilla?

A

Deep to the developing enamel organs

261
Q

Cells lining the convex surface of the dental papilla develop into:

A

Odontoblasts

262
Q

The process of Dentine formation:

A

Dentinogenesis

263
Q

What teeth form in between the directly opposing ameloblast & odontoblasts layers?

A

The future incisors, canines & molars of primary dentition

264
Q

Development of ameloblasts induced differentiation of ____

A

Odontoblasts

265
Q

Development of _____ induces differentiation of odontoblasts

A

Ameloblasts

266
Q

What induces the deposition of enamel?

A

Calcification

267
Q

Development of ameloblasts induces differentiation of odontoblasts, but calcification of ____ induces deposition of ____

A

Dentin; enamel

268
Q

Tooth formation is initiated by deposition of organic _______ by ______

A

Pre-Dentine; odontoblast

269
Q

The deposition of organic pre-Dentine by odontoblasts to initiate tooth formation occurs on the surface of:

A

Dental papilla

270
Q

Pre-Dentine is lateral calcified into:

A

Dentine

271
Q

Calcification of dentine matrix secondarily induces:

A

Enamel production by ameloblasts

272
Q

Odontoblasts have _______ embedded in the dentine matrix

A

Odontoblast processes

273
Q

The odontoblast processes embedded in the dentine matrix form:

A

Dentine tubules

274
Q

Enamel forms in mineralized columns of _____ separated by less mineralized ________

A

Enamel rods; interprismatic material

275
Q

Subsequent to deposit of dentine & enamel, what happens to the dental lamina?

A

The dental lamina fragments & atrophies

276
Q

What occurs at the time of tooth eruption?

A

The enamel organ & ameloblasts degenerate

277
Q

When the tooth erupts what happens to the overlying mucosa?

A

It separates, exposing the crown

278
Q

During tooth eruption, the dental papilla _______ to become the _____ that is surrounded by _____

A

Shrinks; dental pulp; dentine

279
Q

What shrinks to become the dental pulp?

A

Dental papilla

280
Q

After tooth eruption you no longer have the ability to:

A

Modify or repair it

281
Q

After tooth formation is complete, small amounts of _____ continue to be produced

A

Secondary dentine

282
Q

The small amounts of secondary dentine that continues to be produced following the completion of tooth formation maybe eventually:

A

Obliterate the pulp cavity

283
Q

What determines the 3D shape of the tooth crown?

A

Overall shape of the enamel organ

284
Q

The outter rim of the enamel is known as:

A

Epithelial sheath of Hertwig

285
Q

The epithelial sheath of Hertwig may also be called:

A

Hertwig’s root sheath

286
Q

What is responsible for determining the cross-sectional outline of the tooth:

A

Epithelial sheath of Hertwig (outter rim of enamel organ)

287
Q

The surrounding mesenchyme of the enamel organ forms the _____ which further forms the _____

A

Dental follicle; periodontal ligament

288
Q

Surrounding mesenchyme of the dental follicle=

A

Periodontal ligament

289
Q

Enamel organs of permanent teeth develop as buds from the:

A

Dental lamina & deciduous enamel organ

290
Q

_____ develop as buds from the dental lamina & deciduous enamel organ

A

Enamel organs of permanent teeth

291
Q

In the case of ____, the dental lamina proliferates caudally to form enamel organs of secondary dentition

A

Molars

292
Q

In the case of molars, the dental lamina proliferates ______ to form the enamel organs of _____

A

Caudally; secondary dentition

293
Q

In humans tooth development begins:

A

The 6th week of fetal development

294
Q

Tooth eruption in humans does not occur until:

A

6-30 months after birth

295
Q

of primary (deciduous) teeth:

A

20

296
Q

In each quadrant there are ____ incisors, ____ canines, & _____ molars

A

2, 1, 2

297
Q

of roots on the incisors & canines

A

1 root each

298
Q

The premolars usually have _____ roots

A

Two

299
Q

The molars usually have ____ roots

A

2-4

300
Q

Between the ages of 6-12, what occurs to the teeth?

A

The deciduous teeth are replaced by permanent dentition

301
Q

How many permanent incisors, canines, and premolar are in each quadrant?

A

2, 1, 2

302
Q

Why doesn’t tooth eruption doesn’t start until 6-30 months after birth?

A

To give baby time to feed off mother

303
Q

When this drug is administered during the development of permanent detention it causes yellow discoloration of teeth- what drug is this & how does it do that?

A

Tetracycline- its incorporated into the enamel

304
Q

Distally we get further development of _____ that erupt at 6, 12, & 18 years of age leading to a total of ____ teeth

A

3 molars
32 teeth

305
Q

Human dental formula

A

I 2/2, C 1/1, P 2/2, M 3/3

306
Q

Last tooth to erupt:

A

3rd molar

307
Q

Most commonly there is not enough room in the jaw so the 3rd molar often times becomes ______ and results in the need to be ____

A

Impacted; removed

308
Q

In the dental formula, the number in the numerator represents the teeth of the _____ while the number in the denominator represents the teeth in the _____

A

Upper jaw, lower jaw

309
Q

All teeth are similar in:

A

Homodont dentition

310
Q

Incisors are modified for:

A

Cutting & biting

311
Q

Canines are modified for:

A

Puncturing & holding

312
Q

Premolars & molars are generally used for:

A

Grinding

313
Q

_____ allows lateral & anterior-posterior motion that is important in chewing & grinding

A

TMJ

314
Q

Raised points on occlusal surfaces of molars & premolars are known as:

A

Cusps

315
Q

The cusps on molars & premolars include (3)

A

Protocone
Metacone
Paracone

316
Q

Flattened posterior surface of lower molars is known as:

A

Talonid

317
Q

Premolars & molars can be low crowned or _____ in omnivores, or may be very tall, high crowned _____ as in herbivores

A

Bunodont
Hypsodont

318
Q

Premolars can be sometimes modified as shearing teeth & this is called _____ and is often seen in _____

A

Carnassials; carnivores

319
Q

Teeth continuously erupt throughout the lifetime of a animal with hypsodont dentition so this allows us to:

A

Predict age based on wear pattern of enamel

320
Q

Superhypsadont dentition is characterized by ______ and is seen in _____

A

Continuous root growth
Rodents

321
Q

Premolars will not come together for grinding purposes- instead there will be an _____ from upper & lower teeth to form a kind of scissor action

A

Opposing slant

322
Q

A tooth plate in which all of the teeth fuse together in a solid mass is referred to as a _____ & is very effective for grinding in dinosaurs

A

Dental battery

323
Q

Multitiberculates had a distinct dentition involving more anterior/posterior slack that created a ____ motion when eating

A

Mill wheel

324
Q

The most commonly seen dental disorders include:

A

Abnormal eruption & misalignment

325
Q

_____ is accomplished by osteoblast & osteoclast activity in the alveolus

A

Orthodontia

326
Q

Orthodontia is accomplished by _____ & _____ activity in the ____

A

Osteoblast & osteoclast; alveolus

327
Q

Results when weak acids in foods & drink erode calcified enamel

A

Dental caries

328
Q

Dental caries are augmented by:

A

Bacterial action

329
Q

_____ helps to harden the enamel & kills bacteria

A

Fluoride

330
Q

Caries may extend into the dentine or pulp cavity which may produce ______ or ______

A

Abcesses or death of the tooth

331
Q

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) can cause _____ by etching away at the enamel if taken on a daily basis in the chewable form

A

Dental caries

332
Q

A root canal is necessary when:

A

The Carie’s extend into the pulp cavity & cause abcesses or death of the tooth

333
Q

Caused by accumulation of calcified food & bacterial debris (plaque) in the gingival sulcus:

A

Periodontal disease

334
Q

Periodontal disease leads to: (3)

A

1- widening of the gingival sulcus
2- possible inflammation
3- destruction of the periodontal ligament

335
Q

Inflammation of the gums

A

Gingivitis

336
Q

Inflammation of the periodontal ligament

A

Periodontitis

337
Q

Flossing decreases the accumulation of food & bacteria in the:

A

Gingival sulcus

Histology (9 decks)

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