Oral cavity esophagus and stomach

Question 1

oral cavity epithelium

Answer 1

Keratinized stratified squamous: gingiva (gums), hard palate (rooth of the mouth), dorsal surface of the tongue
Nonkeratinized stratified squamous: ventral surface of the tongue, floor of the mouth, mucosal surface of the lips and cheeks

Question 2

Filiform papillae

Answer 2

long thread-like shape, partially keratinized

Question 3

Fungiform papillae

Answer 3

mushroom-shaped projections contain taste buds

Question 4

Circumvallate papillae

Answer 4

dome-shape structure, contain taste buds

Question 5

Foliate papillae

Answer 5

small lateral folds of the mucosa, contain taste buds

Question 6

Enamel

Answer 6

amelogengin, enamelin, hydroxyapatite crystals, ameloblasts

Question 7

Dentin

Answer 7

predentin (type I collagen, glycosaminoglycans), hydroxyapatite crystals, odontoblasts

Question 8

tooth layers

Answer 8

Enamel
Dentin
Cementum: cellular and acellular 
Periodontal ligament
Gingiva
Aveolar process (bone)
Dental pulp

Question 9

Minor Salivary Glands

Answer 9

• lingual, palantine, etc. located in the submucosa of the oral cavity.
• have short ducts which empty directly to the oral cavity.

Question 10

Saliva

Answer 10

alpha amylase, lysozyme, secretory IgA, bicarbonate ion, water

Question 11

Ducts of Major salivary glands

Answer 11

• Intercalated duct: (secrete bicarbonate ion, absorb chloride ion from the acinar product)
• Striated duct: reabsorption of sodium ion from the primary secretion, addition of potassium to the secretion
• Excretory Interlobular duct

Question 12

Parotid gland

Answer 12

serous

Question 13

Submandibular gland

Answer 13

mixed

Question 14

Sublingual gland

Answer 14

predominant mucous component

Question 15

Taste buds

Answer 15

present on the fungiform, circumvallate, and foliate papillae and in the oral and pharyngeal mucosa

Question 16

Teeth

Answer 16

ameloblasts producing enamel, and odontoblasts producing dentin.

Question 17

layers of the esophagus

Answer 17

-Mucosae (epithelium, 
lamina propria, muscularis mucosae  
-Submucosae  (CT)
-Muscularis Externa
-Adventitia (CT) or Serosa  (CT and epithelium)

Question 18

Muscularis externa of esophagus

Answer 18

(inner circular, outer longitudinal)

      a. ) upper esophagus: striated muscle
      b. ) middle esophagus: striated and smooth muscle
      c. ) lower esophagus: smooth muscle

Question 19

Adventitia in what area of esophagus

Answer 19

upper and middle esophagus

Question 20

Serosa in what part of esophagus

Answer 20

lower esophagus

Question 21

Esophago/gastric junction

Answer 21

an important site of common diseases: ulceration, Barrett’s esophagus and cancer.

Question 22

Barrett’s Esophagus

Answer 22

Reflux of gastric acid secretions into the lower esophagus leads to changes of the stratified squamous epithelium to a gastric-type epithelium (simple columnar epithelium).

Question 23

Ruga

Answer 23

a longitudinal fold of gastric mucosa and submucosa

Question 24

Gastric Epithelium

Answer 24

Surface mucous cells (mucus cap)

Question 25

Gastric Gland Epithelium:

Answer 25

• Mucous neck cells (soluble mucus)
• Parietal cells (HCl)
• Chief cells (pepsinogen)
• Enteroendocrine cells (hormones)
• Stem cells

Question 26

The layer of mucus that lines the human stomach is a natural habitat of

Answer 26

H. Pylori

Question 27

Parietal cell produces

Answer 27

HCL and intrinsic factor (exocrine)

Question 28

Chief cell

Answer 28

zymogen granules contain pepsinogen and lipase (exocrine)

Question 29

Enteroendocrine cell

Answer 29

membrane-bound secretory granules near the capillary