Endocrinology Flashcards
Endocrine glands are associated with
many capillaries
peptide hormones
need 2nd messenger; act at level of cell membrane
steroid hormones
act inside nucleus
Hypophysis contains
anterior and posterior pituitary
Anterior pituitary produces
its own hormones
Hormones of the posterior pituitary are made in the
hypothalamus but stored in the posterior pituitary
Anterior pituitary cells
acidophils, basophils, chromophobes
acidophils stain _______ and produce __________
pink; GH and prolactin
basophils stain ________ and produce ___________
blue; TSH, FSH, LH, ACTH, and MSH
chromophobes stain
clear
Posterior pituitary produces
vasopressin (ADH) and oxytocin
Pituitary appearance
2 distinct regions: pars nervosa (PP) and pars anterior (AP) divided by pars intermedia (contains vesicles)
Pars nervosa (PP) contains what cells?
pituicytes (supportive cells)
Herring body
stores hormones in posterior pituitary (no nucleus)
Pineal gland produces
melatonin
Pineal gland is sensitive to
light; light varies the secretion of melatonin
The sun ______ the secretion of melatonin while the moon _______ it
depresses; stimulates
Pineal gland hallmark
black spotches (brain sand)–>landmark for midline of brain
Pineal gland cells
neuroglia (supporting cells–>smaller, darker nucleus), pinealocytes (produce melatonin)
location of parathyroid gland
embedded in posterior aspect of thyroid
Thyroid T3/T4 production
Picks up iodine from environment, and passes it into the colloid where iodination occurs. Then iodinated material is taken up and passed back through the cell and released as T3/T4.
Thyroid epithelium
simple cuboidal unless there is a large amt of colloid in the follicle (squamous) or a little (columnar)
cells in thyroid gland
principle cells and c cells (parafollicular cells)
principle cells
produce thyroid hormone (located right up against colloid)