Endocrinology

Question 1

Endocrine glands are associated with

Answer 1

many capillaries

Question 2

peptide hormones

Answer 2

need 2nd messenger; act at level of cell membrane

Question 3

steroid hormones

Answer 3

act inside nucleus

Question 4

Hypophysis contains

Answer 4

anterior and posterior pituitary

Question 5

Anterior pituitary produces

Answer 5

its own hormones

Question 6

Hormones of the posterior pituitary are made in the

Answer 6

hypothalamus but stored in the posterior pituitary

Question 7

Anterior pituitary cells

Answer 7

acidophils, basophils, chromophobes

Question 8

acidophils stain _______ and produce __________

Answer 8

pink; GH and prolactin

Question 9

basophils stain ________ and produce ___________

Answer 9

blue; TSH, FSH, LH, ACTH, and MSH

Question 10

chromophobes stain

Answer 10

clear

Question 11

Posterior pituitary produces

Answer 11

vasopressin (ADH) and oxytocin

Question 12

Pituitary appearance

Answer 12

2 distinct regions: pars nervosa (PP) and pars anterior (AP) divided by pars intermedia (contains vesicles)

Question 13

Pars nervosa (PP) contains what cells?

Answer 13

pituicytes (supportive cells)

Question 14

Herring body

Answer 14

stores hormones in posterior pituitary (no nucleus)

Question 15

Pineal gland produces

Answer 15

melatonin

Question 16

Pineal gland is sensitive to

Answer 16

light; light varies the secretion of melatonin

Question 17

The sun ______ the secretion of melatonin while the moon _______ it

Answer 17

depresses; stimulates

Question 18

Pineal gland hallmark

Answer 18

black spotches (brain sand)–>landmark for midline of brain

Question 19

Pineal gland cells

Answer 19

neuroglia (supporting cells–>smaller, darker nucleus), pinealocytes (produce melatonin)

Question 20

location of parathyroid gland

Answer 20

embedded in posterior aspect of thyroid

Question 21

Thyroid T3/T4 production

Answer 21

Picks up iodine from environment, and passes it into the colloid where iodination occurs. Then iodinated material is taken up and passed back through the cell and released as T3/T4.

Question 22

Thyroid epithelium

Answer 22

simple cuboidal unless there is a large amt of colloid in the follicle (squamous) or a little (columnar)

Question 23

cells in thyroid gland

Answer 23

principle cells and c cells (parafollicular cells)

Question 24

principle cells

Answer 24

produce thyroid hormone (located right up against colloid)

Question 25

c cells (parafollicular cells)

Answer 25

produce calcitonin; located one cell layer away from colloid

Question 26

calcitonin

Answer 26

deposits calcium into bones

Question 27

PTH

Answer 27

releases Ca2+ from bones

Question 28

oxyphil cells

Answer 28

large pink staining cells, full of mito; of unknown function; hallmark for parathyroid gland

Question 29

chief cells

Answer 29

produce parathyroid hormone

Question 30

adrenal gland controls

Answer 30

glucose and ion balance

Question 31

zona glomerulosa

Answer 31

produces aldosterone (ion reg); dark area; (circular shaped cells)

Question 32

zona fasiculata

Answer 32

cortisol (sugar); cells next to sinusoids (cordlike structures); (stained lighter–>full of vacuoles)

Question 33

zona reticularis

Answer 33

androgens (area is darker, cells are ball shaped)

Question 34

medulla produces _______ and has ________

Answer 34

epinephrine and norepinephrine; large central vein

Question 35

adrenal cortex capsule

Answer 35

dense CT

Question 36

Pancreas endocrine function:

exocrine function:

Answer 36

digestion; blood glucose regulation

Question 37

Pancreas hallmark

Answer 37

pale staining islet with surrounding acini

Question 38

Parathyroid cells

Answer 38

oxyphil (hallmark) and chief cells