Male Repro

Question 1

Testes

Answer 1

for production of gametes and steroids (exocrine and endocrine)

Question 2

Duct system

Answer 2

for transport of gametes

Question 3

Accessory glands

Answer 3

for the production of additional additives to the semen

Question 4

The production of sperm occurs in the ______ and is carried externally through the duct system which exits through the ______.

Answer 4

testis; penis

Question 5

The testis is covered by visceral _______ and The _________

Answer 5

tunica vaginalis; tunica albuginea

Question 6

Within the interstitial space are the _______ which produce testosterone

Answer 6

Leydig cells

Question 7

Gametogenesis occurs within the seminiferous tubules, which also contain the supporting __________

Answer 7

Sertoli cells

Question 8

The _________ has a thickened area on the posterior aspect of the testis which is termed the __________. This is the area where the vessels, nerves and ducts enter and leave.

Answer 8

tunica albuginea; mediastinum.

Question 9

The testis is divided into _______ by the septum from the albuginea

Answer 9

lobules

Question 10

In the testis, outside of the seminiferous tubules, is the interstitial area containing

Answer 10

the vasculature, lymphatics and Leydig cells.

Question 11

The tubular wall is made of

Answer 11

fibroblasts and connective tissue.

Question 12

The seminiferous tubules are divided into a basal and adluminal compartments by the

Answer 12

Sertoli-Sertoli cell tight junctions

Question 13

In the fetal testis the interstitial compartment is the largest but the Leydig cells are indistinct and mostly nonfunctional. The tubules contain _______ and gonocytes but lack a _______

Answer 13

supportive cells; lumen

Question 14

In the tubule the gonocytes are pail staining precursors to the germ cells and the supportive cells are early ________.

Answer 14

Sertoli cells

Question 15

THE TUNICA VAGINALIS IS

Answer 15

A THIN LAYER OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE COVERED BY MESOTHELIUM.

Question 16

THE TUNICA ALBUGINEA IS

Answer 16

A THICK CONNECTIVE TISSUE COVERING WHICH CONTAINS THE FUNCTIONAL PARTS OF THE TESTIS

Question 17

The _______, in the interstitial area, are the primary producers of the steroid hormone testosterone in the male. The cells are characterized by

Answer 17

Leydig cells; a round nucleus often seen with a ring of heterochromatin.

Question 18

Cells which produce steroids (ie Leydig cells) are characterized by an abundance of certain organelles these include?

Answer 18

Cells which produce steroids typically contain abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria with tubular cristae and well developed golgi apparatus

Question 19

Testosterone, as other steroids, are derived from cholesterol, production is stimulated by the action of ________ from the anterior pituitary

Answer 19

luteinizing hormone (lh)

Question 20

The seminiferous tubule is seperated from the interstitium by the tubular wall made up of

Answer 20

connective tissue layers, layers of fibroblasts and a distinct basement membrane.

Question 21

THE SEMINIFEROUS EPITHELIUM IS RATHER COMPLEX IN ITS MAKE UP. THE SERTOLI CELLS ARE

Answer 21

THE SUPPORTING OR “NURSE” CELL OF THE EPITHELIUM.

Question 22

THE ________ CELL RESTS ON THE BASEMENT MEMBRANE AND REACHES TO THE LUMINAL SURFACE. The cells contain cytoplasmic processes which surround the developing germ cells.

Answer 22

SERTOLI

Question 23

The Sertoli cell has several functions which support the developing germ cells as they differentiate from

Answer 23

spermatogonia to sperm

Question 24

One of the primary functions of the Sertoli cell is the formation of _________.

Answer 24

specialized junctions

Question 25

The two most important junctions are the ________ junction, which divides the epithelium into a basal and adluminal compartment, and the ______ junction which forms as the spermatid reaches the luminal edge.

Answer 25

Sertoli-Sertoli; Sertoli-Spermatid

Question 26

excludes most substances from reaching the adluminal compartment forming a blood-testis barrier. This barrier is important in protecting the developing germ cells.

Answer 26

sertoli-sertoli junction

Question 27

The blood testis barrier in conjunction with the sertoli cell protects the germ cells from

Answer 27

autoimmune destruction

Question 28

The germ cells begin to differentiate at _______, after the body has determined self and nonself. This results in the later stages being antigenic. In some disease states the barrier breaks down resulting in destruction of the germ cells and infertility.

Answer 28

puberty

Question 29

THE SERTOLI SUPPORTS THE GERM CELLS _________. The blood testis barrier prevents nutritional components from reaching the later stages of the germ cells. This requires that all substances needed by these cells must pass through or be provided by the Sertoli cells.

Answer 29

PHYSICALLY AND NUTRITIONALLY

Question 30

The Sertoli cell also produces _______ which helps stabilize and sequester testosterone, _________ which prevents development of the mullerian duct. (this developes in the female into parts of the female system), _______ which inhibits FSH production in the pituitary, and ________ which transfers iron.

Answer 30

androgen binding protein; antimullerian hormone; inhibin; transferrin