female repro

Question 1

The ovary is covered by the ________ (peritoneum) which has a tunica albuginea and a cortex which contains the __________ and a deeper medulla containing mostly vascular tissue.

Answer 1

germinal epithelium; developing follicles and stromal cells

Question 2

The ovarian follicle goes through a series of developmental stages leading to ovulation. During this development the oocyte is

Answer 2

arrested

Question 3

As the follicle develops the stromal and follicular cells differentiate. The stromal cells develop into ______ while the follicular cells develop into ________

Answer 3

theca externa and theca interna cells; granulosa cells

Question 4

The theca externa cells are ________ in nature

Answer 4

connective tissue

Question 5

The theca interna cells produce ________ which is secreted to the granulosa cells where it is converted to _________.

Answer 5

androstenedione; estradiol (estrogen)

Question 6

The _______ is amorphous substance secreted between the granulosa cells and the oocyte.
Cellular processes from the oocyte and the granulosa cells penetrate the zona and contact each other through _______.

Answer 6

zona pellucida; gap junctions

Question 7

During development the ______ secrete liquor folliculi into intercellular spaces. When these spaces become evident the follice is classified as a ________. This fluid contains several secretory products (progesterone, estradiol, inhibin etc.) Over time the spaces coelesce into a larger space called the _____.

Answer 7

granulosa cells; secondary follicle; antrum

Question 8

The granulosa cells which surround the oocyte are termed the ________ and are attached to the other side of the follicle by the

Answer 8

corona radiata; cumulus oophorus

Question 9

The mature follicle continues to enlarge. It contains a well defined ________. Just before ovulation the cumulus oophorus breaks down and the _______ floats free in the antrum

Answer 9

ampulla; oocyte

Question 10

At ovulation the follicle swells through the _______ and _______ and bursts, releasing the egg into the pelvic cavity

Answer 10

tunica albuginea; germinal epithelium

Question 11

The first meiotic division is completed just prior to _____. The second meiotic division occurs only if ______ occurs. (This typically occurs in the fallopian tube)

Answer 11

ovulation; fertilization

Question 12

________, from follicular cells, prevents meiotic division from being completed Just prior to ovulation the oocyte becomes active through ______. These leads to the completion of meiosis.

Answer 12

Oocyte maturation inhibitor (OMI); MPF (maturation promoting factor)

Question 13

Before ovulation the granulosa cells produce primarily _______ after ovulation the resultant corpora lutea produces large amount of ______ which helps prepare the uterus for implantation

Answer 13

estrogen; progesterone

Question 14

The follicle left after ovulation becomes the ______. The theca interna cells are now termed theca lutean and continue to produce ______. Granulosa cells are termed Granulosa lutean cells and produce _______ and continue to convert the androgens to estrogen.

Answer 14

corpora lutea; androgens and progesterone; progesterone

Question 15

If pregnancy occurs the corpora is maintained for about three months, if not it forms a _______ and involutes.

Answer 15

corpora albucans

Question 16

The cells of the follicle infold after ovulation and become the ______ and ______ which produce hormones to support implantation

Answer 16

theca lutean; granulosa lutean cells

Question 17

After ovulation the secondary oocyte is directed toward the oviduct by the ____, there is no ______. This lack of connection can lead to abnormal placement of the oocyte. If this occurs after ovulation ectopic pregnancies result.

Answer 17

fimdria; direct attachment of the ovary to the oviduct

Question 18

The oviduct is divided into fimbria, ampulla, isthmus and uterine portion. Fertilization typically occurs in the ______. The lining of the oviduct contains secretory _____, the epithelium is ______.

Answer 18

ampulla; peg cells and ciliated cells; simple columnar

Question 19

As you travel from the fimbria to the uterus the folding of the mucosa becomes ______ and the height of the epithelium is ______.

Answer 19

less complex; reduced;

Question 20

In the oviduct, the lamina propria is made up of _____ and the muscularis has 2 layers:

Answer 20

loose connective tissue; an inner circular and outer longitudinal layer.

Question 21

The uterus is made up of a prominent thick _____ composed of three layers of smooth muscle (inner and outer longitudinal and middle circular). And an ______ divided into a basal layer and functional layer. The ____ is sloughed during menstruation. KEEP IN MIND THAT AT ITS THICKEST POINT DURING THE CYCLE THE FUNCTIONAL LAYER IS ABOUT 6mm THICK.

Answer 21

myometrium; endometrium; functional layer

Question 22

As the follicle is developing under the influence of ____ the uterus is also undergoing changes under the influence of ______, depending on the stage of the cycle

Answer 22

estrogen; estrogen and progesterone

Question 23

During the cycle, which begins with ______, the uterus repairs itself in anticipation of _______. The ______ thickens and the glands and spiral arteries elongate during the proliferative/follicular phase (corresponding to the follicular development in the ovary).

Answer 23

menstruation; implantation; endometrium

Question 24

After ovulation the secretory phase begins in which the glands expand and increase

Answer 24

their secretion of glycogen.

Question 25

The epithelium of the uterus contains primarily ______ with some _______, all of which are columnar.

Answer 25

secretory cells; ciliated cells

Question 26

The glands in the uterus are simple tubular glands lined by _______. In association with these glands in the lamina propria are numerous _______.

Answer 26

secretory columnar cells; helical (spiral) arteries

Question 27

As the cycle progresses the uterine glands swell and the secretory product moves from

Answer 27

the basal area to the apical area prior to secretion

Question 28

The endocervix is lined by ______ and contains mucous glands, these glands may become blocked and form cysts

Answer 28

simple columnar epithelium

Question 29

The ectocervix and the vagina are lined by

Answer 29

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 30

Primary villi are characterized by a layer of syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast as _____ enters the villi it is staged as a secondary and a tertiary is characterized by

Answer 30

mesenchyme; blood vessels in the mesenchyme

Question 31

Stromal cells of the uterus become modified and form the _____ which provides _______ for the early implant

Answer 31

dicidua; nourishment

Question 32

In the breast, Protein secretion by _______ - is the type of secretion whereby the membrane fuses with the plasma membrane releasing only the protein

Answer 32

merocrine secretion

Question 33

In the breast, ______ is the method used for lipid release whereby the lipid vacuole is surrounded by a small amount of membrane

Answer 33

Apocrine secretion