female repro Flashcards
The ovary is covered by the ________ (peritoneum) which has a tunica albuginea and a cortex which contains the __________ and a deeper medulla containing mostly vascular tissue.
germinal epithelium; developing follicles and stromal cells
The ovarian follicle goes through a series of developmental stages leading to ovulation. During this development the oocyte is
arrested
As the follicle develops the stromal and follicular cells differentiate. The stromal cells develop into ______ while the follicular cells develop into ________
theca externa and theca interna cells; granulosa cells
The theca externa cells are ________ in nature
connective tissue
The theca interna cells produce ________ which is secreted to the granulosa cells where it is converted to _________.
androstenedione; estradiol (estrogen)
The _______ is amorphous substance secreted between the granulosa cells and the oocyte.
Cellular processes from the oocyte and the granulosa cells penetrate the zona and contact each other through _______.
zona pellucida; gap junctions
During development the ______ secrete liquor folliculi into intercellular spaces. When these spaces become evident the follice is classified as a ________. This fluid contains several secretory products (progesterone, estradiol, inhibin etc.) Over time the spaces coelesce into a larger space called the _____.
granulosa cells; secondary follicle; antrum
The granulosa cells which surround the oocyte are termed the ________ and are attached to the other side of the follicle by the
corona radiata; cumulus oophorus
The mature follicle continues to enlarge. It contains a well defined ________. Just before ovulation the cumulus oophorus breaks down and the _______ floats free in the antrum
ampulla; oocyte
At ovulation the follicle swells through the _______ and _______ and bursts, releasing the egg into the pelvic cavity
tunica albuginea; germinal epithelium
The first meiotic division is completed just prior to _____. The second meiotic division occurs only if ______ occurs. (This typically occurs in the fallopian tube)
ovulation; fertilization
________, from follicular cells, prevents meiotic division from being completed Just prior to ovulation the oocyte becomes active through ______. These leads to the completion of meiosis.
Oocyte maturation inhibitor (OMI); MPF (maturation promoting factor)
Before ovulation the granulosa cells produce primarily _______ after ovulation the resultant corpora lutea produces large amount of ______ which helps prepare the uterus for implantation
estrogen; progesterone
The follicle left after ovulation becomes the ______. The theca interna cells are now termed theca lutean and continue to produce ______. Granulosa cells are termed Granulosa lutean cells and produce _______ and continue to convert the androgens to estrogen.
corpora lutea; androgens and progesterone; progesterone
If pregnancy occurs the corpora is maintained for about three months, if not it forms a _______ and involutes.
corpora albucans
The cells of the follicle infold after ovulation and become the ______ and ______ which produce hormones to support implantation
theca lutean; granulosa lutean cells
After ovulation the secondary oocyte is directed toward the oviduct by the ____, there is no ______. This lack of connection can lead to abnormal placement of the oocyte. If this occurs after ovulation ectopic pregnancies result.
fimdria; direct attachment of the ovary to the oviduct
The oviduct is divided into fimbria, ampulla, isthmus and uterine portion. Fertilization typically occurs in the ______. The lining of the oviduct contains secretory _____, the epithelium is ______.
ampulla; peg cells and ciliated cells; simple columnar
As you travel from the fimbria to the uterus the folding of the mucosa becomes ______ and the height of the epithelium is ______.
less complex; reduced;
In the oviduct, the lamina propria is made up of _____ and the muscularis has 2 layers:
loose connective tissue; an inner circular and outer longitudinal layer.
The uterus is made up of a prominent thick _____ composed of three layers of smooth muscle (inner and outer longitudinal and middle circular). And an ______ divided into a basal layer and functional layer. The ____ is sloughed during menstruation. KEEP IN MIND THAT AT ITS THICKEST POINT DURING THE CYCLE THE FUNCTIONAL LAYER IS ABOUT 6mm THICK.
myometrium; endometrium; functional layer
As the follicle is developing under the influence of ____ the uterus is also undergoing changes under the influence of ______, depending on the stage of the cycle
estrogen; estrogen and progesterone
During the cycle, which begins with ______, the uterus repairs itself in anticipation of _______. The ______ thickens and the glands and spiral arteries elongate during the proliferative/follicular phase (corresponding to the follicular development in the ovary).
menstruation; implantation; endometrium
After ovulation the secretory phase begins in which the glands expand and increase
their secretion of glycogen.
The epithelium of the uterus contains primarily ______ with some _______, all of which are columnar.
secretory cells; ciliated cells
The glands in the uterus are simple tubular glands lined by _______. In association with these glands in the lamina propria are numerous _______.
secretory columnar cells; helical (spiral) arteries
As the cycle progresses the uterine glands swell and the secretory product moves from
the basal area to the apical area prior to secretion
The endocervix is lined by ______ and contains mucous glands, these glands may become blocked and form cysts
simple columnar epithelium
The ectocervix and the vagina are lined by
stratified squamous epithelium
Primary villi are characterized by a layer of syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast as _____ enters the villi it is staged as a secondary and a tertiary is characterized by
mesenchyme; blood vessels in the mesenchyme
Stromal cells of the uterus become modified and form the _____ which provides _______ for the early implant
dicidua; nourishment
In the breast, Protein secretion by _______ - is the type of secretion whereby the membrane fuses with the plasma membrane releasing only the protein
merocrine secretion
In the breast, ______ is the method used for lipid release whereby the lipid vacuole is surrounded by a small amount of membrane
Apocrine secretion
