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3rd shift Topics > Oral Care products > Flashcards

Oral Care products Flashcards

1
Q

is the best performing category, with retail value sales rising by 21% to Php279M

A

Mouth fresheners

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2
Q

is the leading player, with retail value share of 44%

A

Colgate-Palmolive Phils.

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3
Q

There is a growing interest and focus on the use of natural ingredients, including

A
  • probiotics
  • baking soda
  • charcoal
  • green tea
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4
Q

Most complex and most accessible microbial
ecosystem of the human body

A

human oral cavity

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5
Q

parts of the human tooth

A
  • crown
  • root
  • neck
  • gingiva
  • dental cavity (pulp cavity)
  • enamel
  • dentin
  • cementum
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6
Q

is the visible part that extends above the gum (gingiva)

A

crown

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7
Q

sits in the upper or lower jawbone, remains invisible until recession of the gum exposes some root surfaces

A

root

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8
Q

is the boundary between root and crown

A

neck

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9
Q

is the mucosa that covers the upper and lower jaws, and surrounds the neck of the teeth

A

gingiva

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10
Q

is a soft connective tissue containing nerves and blood vessels from the root canal.

A

dental cavity (pulp cavity)

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11
Q
  • Hardest substance in the human body
  • Prevents the tooth from wearing away under pressure of chewing
A

Enamel

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12
Q

Enamel contains _______________ which starts to dissolve below pH 5.5.

A

calcium hydroxyapatite

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13
Q

impacts enamel hardness and strength

A

Demineralization and remineralization

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14
Q
  • Yellowish bone-like layer surrounding the dental cavity
A

Dentin

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15
Q
  • More porous, softer, more sensitive, and more susceptible to decay and wear if exposed
A

dentin

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16
Q

Dentin forms the smallest portion of the tooth (t or f)

A

F; largest

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17
Q

Cementum binds the roots of the teeth firmly to the gums and jawbone, and anchored in the jaw by the _____________

A

periodontal ligament

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18
Q
  • Special connective tissue that covers the dentin at the root
A

cementum

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19
Q

pH < 5.5

A

Demineralization

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20
Q

pH > 5.5

A

Remineralization

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21
Q

Sticky, colorless film of bacteria and sugars that form on the teeth

A

plaque

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22
Q

Disease resulting in the breakdown and destruction of the enamel due to demineralization

A

dental caries

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23
Q

Hardened plaque that causes yellowish brown discoloration to the teeth

A

Dental calculus (tartar)

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24
Q

Infection of the gums that can progress to affect bone that surround and support the teeth

A

gum disease (periodontal disease)

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25
Q

Brief episodes of sharp well
localized pain when subjected to various stimuli

A

TOOTH SENSITIVITY

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26
Q

Spots or small areas on the teeth contrasting with the rest of teeth color

A

DENTAL STAINS
(TEETH DISCOLORATION)

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27
Q

Oral malodor due to foods, alcohol, tobacco, or disease

A

BAD BREATH (HALITOSIS)

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28
Q

ORAL & DENTAL CARE PRODUCTS

A
  • TOOTHPASTE (Oral Dentifrice)
  • MOUTHWASH (Oral or Mouth Rinse)
  • TOOTH WHITENING PRODUCTS (Bleaching Products)
  • TOOTH POWDER
  • DENTAL FLOSS
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29
Q
  • Paste or gel designed to help remove plaque and stains from the teeth, and keep breath fresh
  • Improves mechanical brushing and cleaning power
    of a toothbrush
A

TOOTHPASTE (Oral Dentifrice)

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30
Q
  • Liquid designed to refresh the breath and enhance oral hygiene
  • Use after brushing for more effective cleaning effect
A

MOUTHWASH (Oral or Mouth Rinse)

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31
Q
  • Make teeth brighter in dental office settings or salons
  • Contains ingredients that remove teeth discoloration
A

TOOTH WHITENING PRODUCTS (Bleaching Products)

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32
Q
  • Mild abrasive powder used with a toothbrush
A

TOOTH POWDER

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33
Q
  • Thin filament used to remove debris and bacterial film caught between the teeth and between teeth and gums
A

DENTAL FLOSS

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34
Q
  • Change in the appearance of the enamel which may vary from barely noticeable white spots to staining and pitting
  • May be caused by too much fluoride consumption in children
  • Spots and stains left on the teeth are permanent and may darken over time
A

dental fluorosis

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35
Q
  • Mild cosmetic detergent for cleaning the teeth
  • Intended to freshen the breath and remove deposits from the teeth
  • Protection of teeth from cavities, calculus formation, and gum diseases
A

toothpaste

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36
Q
  • ____________ ingredients that clean and polish teeth to remove debris and residual surface stains
  • Consider hardness, toughness, chemical inertness, and particle size and shape

(ABRASIVES)

A

Insoluble inorganic

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37
Q

TOOTHPASTE FORMULATION

A
  • abrasive
  • surfactants
  • thickeners (binders)
  • pH regulators
  • humectant
  • water
  • preservatives
  • sweetening agents
  • flavoring agents
  • coloring agents
  • natural ingredients
  • anticaries components
  • antiplaque and antigingivitis components
  • antihypersensitivity agents
  • anticalculus/tartar control
  • whitening agents
  • antimalodor
38
Q

Calcium-based abrasives should be included in toothpastes containing sodium fluoride (t or f)

A

F; avoided - formation of an insoluble calcium salt decrease active fluoride concentration

39
Q

hydrated silica, calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate,
sodium bicarbonate (baking soda)

40
Q
  • Aid in cleaning and foaming
  • Anionic surfactants with powerful cleaning efficacy and
    compatible with other ingredients
A

SURFACTANTS

41
Q

sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium laureth phosphate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate,
dioctyl sulfosuccinate, and monoglycerides

A

SURFACTANTS

42
Q
  • ___________ that disperse and swell in the water phase of the toothpaste
  • Used to maintain the integral stability of the paste, prevent
    sedimentation of abrasives, and provide toothpaste formulations with specific rheological property
A

Thickeners (binders) ; Hydrophilic colloids

43
Q

sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate,
xanthan gum, carrageenan, carbomer, and clays

A

THICKENERS (Binders)

44
Q

Used to neutralize thickeners

A

pH REGULATORS

45
Q

sodium hydroxide

A

pH REGULATORS

46
Q
  • Prevent paste from drying out, locking of the cap to the nozzle, and hardening to an unacceptable level
  • Provide shine and some plasticity to the paste
A

HUMECTANTS

47
Q

glycerin, sorbitol, and propylene glycol

A

HUMECTANTS

48
Q
  • Vehicle for all toothpaste formulations
  • Used to disperse thickeners, dissolve components, mix liquids, and act as carrier for other ingredients
49
Q
  • Prevent microbiological growth in water-based formulations
A

PRESERVATIVES

50
Q

parabens, sodium benzoate, phenoxyethanol

A

PRESERVATIVES

51
Q
  • Important for product acceptability
  • Used in low concentrations and for masking taste of raw materials
A

sweeteners

52
Q

sodium saccharin, acesulfame, aspartame, and sorbitol

A

SWEETENING AGENTS

53
Q

Although sweeteners may be hundreds to thousand times sweeter than table sugar, they do not contribute to dental caries because______________

A

they are not fermented by the microflora of the dental plaque.

54
Q
  • One of the most expensive components and most crucial in view of customer preferences
  • Mint flavors dominate adult toothpastes, while bubble gum and fruit aromas in children products
A

FLAVORING AGENTS

55
Q

peppermint and spearmint oil, thymol, clove oil, menthol, cinnamon oil, eucalyptol oil, fruit aromas like strawberry, apple, grapes, and banana flavor

A

FLAVORING AGENTS

56
Q

Maybe added to the paste as a whole or to only a small part to
make colored striped products

A

COLORING AGENTS

57
Q

Added for antibacterial, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory effects, cleansing, whitening, and masking of bad breath

A

NATURAL INGREDIENTS

58
Q

titanium dioxide and mica,
organic pigments like Blue 1 and Red 33

A

COLORING AGENTS

59
Q

hydrated silica, herbs like echinacea, myrrh, chamomile, and by-products of bees like propolis

A

NATURAL INGREDIENTS

60
Q

To prevent cavities, strengthen the tooth enamel and remineralize tooth decay

A

ANTICARIES COMPONENTS

61
Q

Fluoride components like sodium monofluorophosphate, sodium fluoride, and stannous fluoride

A

ANTICARIES COMPONENTS

62
Q

initiates and speeds up
remineralization and slows down demineralization

63
Q

Allowable total fluoride

A
  • 850-1150 ppm for 2 yrs. and above
  • 1500 ppm for 6 yrs. and above
64
Q

calcium, phosphates, and metals like zinc, tin, aluminum, iron, manganese, and
molybdenum

A

Non-fluoride caries ingredients

65
Q

Antiseptics or antimicrobials that kill or inhibit bacteria causing plaque and gingivitis

A

ANTIPLAQUE AND ANTIGINGIVITIS COMPONENTS

66
Q

ANTIPLAQUE AND ANTIGINGIVITIS COMPONENTS

A
  • Stannous fluoride
  • Triclosan
67
Q

acts by antibacterial effect and inhibitory effect on bacterial enzymes

A

Stannous fluoride

68
Q

is an antibacterial agent widely used in toothpastes,
deodorants, and soaps

69
Q
  • Used to protect exposed tooth surfaces and the gingival margin
A

ANTIHYPERSENSITIVITY AGENTS

70
Q

desensitize the tooth nerve endings

A

Potassium components like potassium nitrate (at 5%), potassium chloride, and potassium citrate

71
Q

reduce the permeability of dentin and prevent the nerve endings from being stimulated

A

Strontium chloride, stannous fluoride (at 0.454%), and calcium sodium phosphosilicate,

72
Q
  • Also known as crystal growth inhibitors
  • Prevent calculus formation on the surface of the teeth through controlling mineralization
A

ANTICALCULUS / TARTAR CONTROL INGREDIENTS

73
Q

tetrasodium pyrophosphate (TSPP), tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (TKPP), sodium hexametaphosphate (SHM), zinc salts like zinc citrate, zinc chloride, and zinc lactate, copolymer of methyl vinyl ether and maleic anhydride (PVM/MA)

A

ANTICALCULUS / TARTAR CONTROL INGREDIENTS

74
Q
  • contain agents that work by
    physical or chemical action to help remove surface stains only.
  • Abrasives may provide whitening action as they remove stains from
    the teeth.
A

Non-bleaching whitening products

75
Q

Positively-charged ingredients like _______ may bind to
negatively-charged stain molecules

76
Q

change the natural tooth color

A

Bleaching agents

77
Q

peroxides like hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide that help
remove deep (intrinsic) and surface (extrinsic) stains

A

Bleaching agents

78
Q

freshen breath by masking the bad odor. Action is temporary, because saliva can quickly wash away flavoring
ingredients

79
Q

may be used to kill bacteria-causing bad breath. Include triclosan, zinc, and stannous fluoride

A

Antibacterial agents

80
Q

RHEOLOGY OF TOOTHPASTES

A
  • BINGHAM PLASTIC
  • PSEUDOPLASTIC ( Shear Thinning)
81
Q
  • Behave as solid at rest, and start to move as viscous fluid when a minimum force (yield
    stress) is applied on them
  • Does not flow out of an open container if no pressure is used and can “stand up” on the brush without running into bristles of the brush or
    rolling off the sides
A

BINGHAM PLASTIC

82
Q
  • Stays viscous until force is applied; viscosity reverts to original high value when shear force is removed; time-independent behavior
A

PSEUDOPLASTIC ( Shear Thinning)

83
Q
  • Clear, colored solution used to refresh the breath by swishing the product around the mouth, followed by spitting it out
  • May help prevent tooth decay, gingivitis, plaque formation, or tartar formation
84
Q

Mouthwash: antiplaque/ antigingivitis

A
  • Chlorhexidine
  • Cetylpyridinium chloride
85
Q

effectively reduces plaque formation and gingivitis. May stain the teeth, modify taste, and increase calculus formation

A

Chlorhexidine

86
Q

may be inactivated by anionic surfactants, and is not recommended after brushing

A

Cetylpyridinium chloride

87
Q

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY In vitro: using oral pathogens like Streptococcus mutans, Peptostreptococcus micros, Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus salivarius, and
Streptococcus oralis using ________

A

agar well diffusion method

88
Q

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY In vivo: ________ samples before,
during, and after the study are inoculated on plates, aerobically or anaerobically, and microbial colonies are
counted and compared

89
Q

Early stage of gum disease (inflammation of the gums)

A

Gingivitis

90
Q

If gingivitis is left untreated it will lead to _______ (inflammation around the teeth)

A

Peridontitis

3rd shift Topics (12 decks)

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