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3rd shift Topics > immunizing pharmacist > Flashcards

immunizing pharmacist Flashcards

1
Q

is a biologically derived substance to produce a protective immune response when administered to humans

A

vaccine

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2
Q

is the act of introducing a vaccine into the body. The desired outcome is to produce immunity against a specific infection or disease

A

vaccination

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3
Q

is the process by which the vaccination confers protection to the individual

A

immunization

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4
Q

the extent to which the vaccine prevents disease, and possibly also transmission under ideal and controlled conditions when comparing a vaccinated group with a placebo group

A

vaccine efficacy

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5
Q

the extent to which the vaccine provides beneficial results under real-world conditions

A

vaccine effectiveness

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6
Q

measured through randomized control trials

A

efficacy

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7
Q

measured through observational studies

A

effectiveness

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8
Q

participants are choses or given specific instructions to reduce the risk

A

efficacy

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9
Q
A
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10
Q

in clinical trials, the condition for vaccine immunity are carefully designed and do not represent real human interactions

A

efficacy

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11
Q

represents how the vaccine will perform in the real world when different variables are at play, such as age, underlying chronic conditions and vaccine storage and administration

A

effectiveness

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12
Q

allows the public access to vaccines, especially when doctor’s clinics or health centers are inaccessible due to work hours or location

A

Pharmacy-based Immunization

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13
Q

FDA Advisory

A

2014-067

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14
Q

Republic Act

A

10918

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15
Q

is an innovative and interactive practice-based educational program that provides Filipino pharmacists with the skills necessary to become primary sources for vaccine advocacy, education, and administration

A

Philippine Pharmacists Association, Inc. - IPCP

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16
Q

Level 2

A

DOH Covid-19 Vaccination Principles

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16
Q

Level 1

A

General vaccination principles

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17
Q

Level 3

A

Basic Pre-Clinical skills training

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18
Q

Level 4

A

Clinical skills training

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19
Q

Roles of a pharmacist

A
  • Educator
  • Facilitator
  • Immunizer
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20
Q
  • ability of the body to tolerate the presence of material
    indigenous to the body (self) and to eliminate foreign material (non-self).
A

Immunity

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21
Q

this ability provides protection from infectious diseases, usually indicated by the presence of an ________

A

antibody

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22
Q

produced by the person’s own immune system

(Acquisition of
protection)

A

active immunity

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23
Q

transferred from another person or animal

(Acquisition of
protection)

A

passive immunity

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24
Q

permanent (duration)

A

active immunity

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25
Q

temporary (duration)

A

passive immunity

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26
Q

occurs after infection or vaccination through the production of immunologic memory

(Source)

A

active immunity

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27
Q
  • transplacental
  • blood products
  • homologous pooled human antibody (immunoglobulin)
  • homologous human hyperimmune globulin
  • plasma products
  • heterologous hyperimmune serum (antitoxin)

(Source)

A

passive immunity

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28
Q

involves exposure to the organism

(types of active immunity)

A

Naturally acquired active immunity

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29
Q

develops upon exposure to the antigen during vaccination

(types of active immunity)

A

Artificially acquired active immunity

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30
Q

includes transfer of IgG antibodies from mother to
fetus during pregnancy, transfer of lgA antibodies from mother to baby during breastfeeding

A

Naturally acquired passive immunity

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31
Q

involves IV injection of immunoglobulins or antibodies

A

Artificially acquired passive immunity

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32
Q

○ weakened form of the “wild” virus or bacteria
○ must replicate to be effective
○ immune response similar to natural infection
○ usually effective with one dose; lasts lifetime
○ severe reactions are possible
○ interference from circulating antibody
○ heat labile

A

Live attenuated vaccines

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33
Q

weakened form of the “_____” virus or bacteria

(Live attenuated vaccines)

A

wild

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34
Q

must ______ to be effective

(Live attenuated vaccines)

A

replicate

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35
Q

immune response similar to ____________

(Live attenuated vaccines)

A

natural infection

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36
Q

usually effective with ____ dose; lasts _______

(Live attenuated vaccines)

A

one; lifetime

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37
Q

______ reactions are possible

(Live attenuated vaccines)

A

severe

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38
Q

interference from circulating _______

(Live attenuated vaccines)

A

antibody

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39
Q

heat labile

A

Live attenuated vaccines

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40
Q

○ cannot replicate, and not live
○ minimal interference from circulating antibody
○ not as effective as live vaccines
○ require multiple (3 to 5) doses
○ antibody titer falls over time requiring booster
doses

A

Inactivated vaccines

41
Q

_____ replicate, and not live

A

cannot

42
Q

_______ interference from circulating antibody

A

minimal

43
Q

require multiple (_____) doses

A

3 to 5

44
Q

antibody titer falls over time requiring ________

A

booster doses

45
Q

Subtypes of inactivated vaccines:

A
  • Whole cell vaccines
  • Fractional
  • Toxoids
  • Polysaccharide vaccines
46
Q

from whole organisms that have been inactivated by chemical, thermal, or other means.

(Subtypes of inactivated vaccines)

A

Whole cell vaccines

47
Q

from components of the whole organism

(Subtypes of inactivated vaccines)

A

Fractional

48
Q

inactivated toxins of toxin-producing bacteria

(Subtypes of inactivated vaccines)

A

Toxoids

49
Q

polysaccharide is linked to
proteins to increase effectiveness.

(Subtypes of inactivated vaccines)

A

Polysaccharide vaccines

50
Q

Type of vaccine

A
  • Live-attenuated
  • Inactivated whole cell
  • Fractional
  • Toxoid
  • Conjugate polysaccharide
51
Q

Only live-attenuated would likely be _____, the remaining categories would usually be IM

A

SC

52
Q

Viral: influenza, polio, rabies, hepatitis A, Japanese encephalitis

A

Inactivated whole cell

53
Q

viral: measles-mumps-rubella, varicella, herpes zoster, yellow fever. oral polio, influenza nasal spray,
rotavirus, dengue virus

A

Live-attenuated

54
Q

Viral: hepatitis B (IM), influenza, acellular pertussis, human
papillomavirus

A

Fractional

55
Q

Diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid

A

Toxoid

56
Q

pneumococcal, meningococcal,
Haemophilus Influenzae type b (Hib)

A

Conjugate
polysaccharide

57
Q

For multi-dose vaccines, vaccine doses administered ______ prior to the minimum interval are considered VALID. This is known as the

○ exception: rabies vaccine (do this ASAP)

A

≤4 days; “grace period”

58
Q

Doses of any vaccine administered ≥5 days earlier than the minimum interval or age are _________ and should be
repeated as age appropriate

A

INVALID

59
Q

○ refers to the administration of more than one vaccine on the same clinic day, at different
anatomic sites and not combined in the same syringe.
○ increases the probability that the patient will
be fully vaccinated.

A

Simultaneous administration of vaccines

60
Q

Any ____________ can be administered either
simultaneously or at any time before or after a
different inactivated or live vaccine

A

inactivated vaccine

61
Q

Simultaneous administration of vaccines: rates for adverse reactions are like those observed when vaccines are administered
separately (t or f)

A

T

62
Q

Two live vaccines should always be administered on
_________. Otherwise, the live vaccines should be
separated by at least _____ to minimize the
potential risk for interference

A

the same day;4 weeks

63
Q

○ If separated by <4 weeks, the second vaccine
administered becomes ________ and the dose
should be repeated at least 4 weeks later.
○ Exception: ________(can be
given <4 weeks after MMR or univalent varicella vaccine.

A

INVALID; yellow fever vaccine

64
Q

Live-live

A

observe spacing

65
Q

inactivated vaccines interfere ____ with
antibody-containing products

A

less

66
Q

administration of inactivated vaccines and
_____ either simultaneously with or at any interval before or after receipt or an antibody-containing product should not substantially impair development of a
protective antibody response.

A

toxoids

67
Q

Simultaneous
(Product administered)

A
  • Antibody-containing
    products and inactivated
    antigen Non-simultaneous
  • Antibody-containing
    products and live antigen
68
Q

Type of administration

A
  • Simultaneous (during the
    same clinic day)
  • Non Simultaneous
69
Q

Can be administered
simultaneously at different anatomic sites or at any time interval between doses

A

Antibody-containing
products and inactivated
antigen Non-simultaneous

70
Q

No interval necessary

A
  • Antibody containing
    products > Inactivated
    antigen
  • Inactivated antigen > Antibody-containing
    products
71
Q

Should not be administered simultaneously

A

Antibody-containing
products and live antigen

72
Q

2 weeksb

A

MMR vaccine, varicella vaccine, and combined
MMRV vaccine antigens > Antibody-containing
products

72
Q

If simultaneous
administration of
measles-containing
vaccine or varicella
vaccine is unavoidable…….

A

administer at different
sites and revaccinate
or test for seroconversion after the recommended
interval

73
Q

Dose relatedb,c

A

Antibody containing
products > MMR vaccine,
varicella vaccine and combined measles-mumps-rubella varicella (MMRV)
vaccine antigens

74
Q
  • Wait time is at least 3 months or longer before getting MMR, MMRV or varicella vaccine. The time interval allows the antibody
    levels to go down thereby decreasing the chance of interfering with vaccine activity.
    ○ For some cases, the wait could be as long as 11 months, depending on the concentration of antibody in the product that the patient has received.
A

Blood products given first (before a live vaccine)

75
Q
  • is a series of vaccinations,
    including the timing of all doses, which may be either recommended or compulsory, depending on the country of residence.
    ● It provides a guide for the immunization provider to determine the vaccines needed by a patient.
A

vaccination schedule

76
Q

● Advisor Committee
on immunization
Practices (ACIP)
● Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC)

A

United States

77
Q

● Philippine Foundation for
Vaccination (PFV)
● Philippine Society
for Microbiology and infectious Diseases

A

Philippines: For adult vaccination

78
Q

● Pediatric infectious
Diseases society of
the Philippines
(PIDSP)
● Philippine Foundation for Vaccination (PFV)
● Philippine Pediatric Society (PPS)

A

Philippines: For childhood/pediatric
vaccination

79
Q

is a condition in a recipient which greatly increases the chance of a serious adverse reaction, hence should not be given

A

contraindication

80
Q

Permanent contraindications to receiving vaccines:

A
  • severe allergic reaction
  • encephalopathy
  • severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)
  • history of intussusception
81
Q

when a part of
intestine slides on the adjacent parts
of the intestine so it blocks food from
passing through

A

Intussusception

82
Q

history of intussusception – specific for _______

A

rotavirus

83
Q

Signs and symptoms of a severe allergic reaction

A
  • Generalized urticaria (hives)
  • Swelling of the mouth and throat
  • Difficulty in breathing
  • Wheezing
  • Hypotensive shock
84
Q

Common vaccine allergens

A
  • Egg protein
  • Gelatin
  • Thimerosal (aka thiomersal)
  • Neomycin
  • Latex
85
Q

preservative

A

Thimerosal (aka thiomersal)

85
Q

present in vaccines prepared using embryonated chicken eggs

A

Egg protein

86
Q

used as vaccine stabilizer

A

Gelatin

87
Q

prevent microbial growth in multi-dose vaccines

A

Neomycin

88
Q

gloves, pre-filled syringe caps, rubber stopper of vials

A

Latex

89
Q

is a condition in a recipient which may
increase the chance or severity of an
adverse event, might cause diagnostic confusion, or might
compromise the ability of the vaccine to produce immunity. If present, the vaccine may be deferred

A

precaution

90
Q

(true for MMR and
varicella-containing vaccines, but not for
zoster vaccine)

A

Recent recipient of an antibody-containing
blood product

91
Q

Temporary precautions to receiving vaccines

A
  • Moderate or severe acute illness
  • Recent recipient of an antibody-containing
    blood product
92
Q

Temporary precautions to receiving LIVE vaccines

A
  • Pregnancy
  • Immunosuppression
93
Q

Causes of severe immunosuppression

A
  • Congenital
    immunodeficiency, leukemia, lymphoma, or generalized malignancies
  • Cancer treatment
  • Long-term use of high-dose steroid
  • HIV infection
  • Hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients
94
Q

avoid live vaccines

(Causes of severe immunosuppression)

A
  • Congenital
    immunodeficiency, leukemia, lymphoma, or generalized malignancies
  • Long-term use of high-dose steroid
95
Q

avoid live vaccines; inactivated vaccines may be given

(Causes of severe immunosuppression)

A

HIV infection

96
Q

wait for at least 3 months

(Causes of severe immunosuppression)

A

Cancer treatment

97
Q
A
98
Q
A
99
Q
A

3rd shift Topics (12 decks)

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