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Dental Nursing 2014 > Oral Anatomy And Physiology > Flashcards

Oral Anatomy And Physiology Flashcards

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0
Q

What are the three types of membrane in the oral cavity?

A
  1. Lining Membrane
  2. Masticatory Membrane
  3. Specialised Membrane
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1
Q

What is this oral cavity lined with?

A

Epithelial membrane.

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2
Q

Which epithelial membrane appears as a red, smooth and moist membrane which can be squashed and stretched?

A

The lining membrane.

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3
Q

Where would you find the lining membrane?

A

The inner surfaces of the cheeks and lips, the floor of the mouth, the upper side of the tongue and the soft palate.

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4
Q

What does the lining membrane do?

A

Provides a physical barrier between anything entering the oval cavity and the deep structures of the oral cavity. It also acts as a cushion, provides lubrication and cleansing.

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5
Q

Which membrane covers the gingivae, the edges and topside of the tongue and the hard palate?

A

Masticatory membrane.

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6
Q

What does the masticatory membrane appear like?

A

Appears red, ridged and stippled. It forms the mucoperiosteum where it lies over the alveolar processes.

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7
Q

Which membrane provides a hard-wearing surface that prevents traumatic damage from food, chemicals and OH products?

A

Masticatory Membrane

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8
Q

Which membrane provides taste sensation?

A

Specialised Membrane.

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9
Q

Which membrane is interspersed throughout the masticatory membrane covering of the topside and edges of the tongue?

A

Specialised Membrane.

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10
Q

The specialised membrane appears as what?

A

A discrete papillary structures of the taste buds in a visible pattern over the tongue.

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11
Q

Where is the buccal sulcus?

A

The space between the posterior teeth and the mucous membrane lining th

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12
Q

What is found between the posterior teeth and the mucous membrane lining the cheeks?

A

The buccal sulcus.

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13
Q

What is found between the anterior teeth and the lips?

A

The labial sulcus.

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14
Q

What is the name of fibrous tissue that attaches the gingivae to the upper lip and the floor of the mouth to the tongue?

A

Frenum

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15
Q

If the Frenum is thicker than usual what may it create within the gingivae?

A

Median Diastema

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16
Q

What is the name of fibrous tissue that attaches the gingivae to the upper lip and the floor of the mouth to the tongue?

A

Frenum and Lingual Frenum

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17
Q

If the Frenum is thicker than usual what may it create within the gingivae?

A

Median Diastema

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18
Q

What is the purpose of the soft palate?

A

To seal the oral cavity from the nasal passage to prevent food passing through it when swallowing.

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19
Q

What is the uvula?

A

The dangly bit at the back of the throat that you can see yourself when looking in the mirror.

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20
Q

What is the correct term for swallowing?

A

Deglutition.

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21
Q

What is is called when there is excess lingual Frenum?

A

Short tongued or tongue tied.

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22
Q

Give three examples of some of the various tastebuds?

A
  1. Filiform papillae
  2. Fungiform papillae
  3. Vallate papillae
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23
Q

What is the tongues purpose?

A
  1. Speech - allows certain sounds to be created S/T/N.
  2. Taste - allows recognition of the basic tastes.
  3. Aids Mastication - assists the buccinator muscles to package food into a bolus before swallowing.
  4. Aids Swallowing - guides the bolus to the back of the mouth.
  5. Cleansing - helps to dislodge food particles around the food particles.
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24
Q

What is Glossitis?

A

Soreness and inflammation of the tongue.

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25
Q

What can cause Glossitis?

A
  • Anaemia
  • Vitamin B deficiency
  • Hormonal disturbances (including pregnancy)
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26
Q

What is dysphagia?

A

Difficulty swallowing.

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27
Q

What are deciduous teeth?

A

Children’s teeth! Referred to as letters.

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28
Q

What is tooth morphology?

A

The detailed anatomical shape of each tooth.

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29
Q

How many molars are included in primary dentition?

A

Two molars. No premolars present.

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30
Q

What are the three defined sections of a tooth?

A
  1. Crown
  2. Neck
  3. Root
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31
Q

What are the four tissues called that a tooth is made up of?

A
  1. Enamel
  2. Dentine
  3. Cementum
  4. Pulp
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32
Q

What is enamel?

A

A highly calcified coating that protects the crown by covering it. It is the hardest substance in the human body.

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33
Q

What is enamel made up of?

A

96% mineral crystal arranged at prisms known as the interprismatic substance

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34
Q

What is the main mineral crystal build up in enamel?

A

Calcium hydroxyapatite

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35
Q

What forms enamel?

A

Ameloblast cells.

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36
Q

What is the junction called between the enamel and dentine?

A

Amelodentinal junction - ADJ.

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37
Q

Enamel is a non-living tissue which cannot grow and repair itself. True or False?

A

True.

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38
Q

How does enamel remineralise?

A

By taking in minerals from saliva and OH products such as toothpaste and mouthwash contacting fluoride.

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39
Q

Where is the enamel layer thickest?

A

Over the biting surface - occlusal edge.

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40
Q

When hydroxyl ions meet fluoride, what happens to the hydroxyapatite?

A

It becomes fluorapatite crystals making the enamel surface harder and more resistant.

41
Q

What colour is enamel?

A

Transparent.

42
Q

What determines the colour of a tooth?

A

Dentine.

43
Q

What is dentine?

A

The tissue that forms the main bulk of a tooth and occupies the interior of the crown and root.

44
Q

Dentine is made up of 80% inorganic tissues. Name one of them?

A

Calcium hydroxyapatite.

45
Q

What cells are capable of reproducing dentine and lie along the inner edge of the pulp chamber?

A

Odontoblasts.

46
Q

Within the hollow tubes of dentine, what are the sensory nerves called?

A

Fibrils.

47
Q

What does dentine do?

A

Transmits sensations of pain and thermal changes to the brain.

48
Q

What is cementum?

A

The calcified protective outer coating of the root and is similar in structure to bone.

49
Q

Where does cementum and enamel meet?

A

At the neck of the tooth.

50
Q

What cells form cementum?

A

Cementoblasts.

51
Q

The cementum contains no blood vessels or nerves. True or False?

A

True - it receives nutrients from the periodontal ligament.

52
Q

What is pulp made up of?

A

Sensory nerves and blood vessels.

53
Q

The sensory nerves in pulp are the ends of what nerve?

A

Fifth Cranial Nerve - Trigeminal Nerve (V cn).

54
Q

The sensory nerves connect to what nerve in the Trigeminal nerve for the upper and lower teeth?

A

Lower teeth - inferior dental nerve

Upper teeth - superior dental nerve

55
Q

The sensory nerves within the pulp allow what to happen?

A

They allow the tooth to feel hot/cold/touch/pain.

56
Q

What do the pulp tissues enter the tooth through?

A

Apical foramen which lies at the apex of every tooth.

57
Q

What is the pulp chamber lined by?

A

Odontoblasts.

58
Q

Why may endodontic treatment become more difficult with older patients?

A

The pulp chamber gradually closes with age.

59
Q

What are pulp stones?

A

Lumps of calcium containing crystals which can block the pulp chamber.

60
Q

The point where cementum and dentine meet is called?

A

Dentinocemental junction.

61
Q

How many deciduous teeth do we have?

A

20 - 10 in each jaw.

62
Q

When do teeth begin to develop?

A

Around 6 weeks after conception.

63
Q

How many cusps does the first primary molar have?

A

Four

64
Q

How many cusps does the second primary molar have?

A

Five.

65
Q

What is exfoliation?

A

When the roots of the primary teeth are absorbed by the underlying permanent teeth. Causing them to gradually become loose and fall out.

66
Q

Why are the roots of primary tooth referred to as divergent?

A

They are splayed out to accommodate the underlying tooth.

67
Q

When do deciduous teeth begin to develop?

A

Around 6 months of age.

68
Q

What age are all deciduous teeth usually present by?

A

29 months old - about 2 and a half

69
Q

Which five deciduous teeth are present in each quadrant?

A

Central and lateral incisor, canine, and the first and second molars.

70
Q

How many roots to the upper first and second molars have?

A

Three

71
Q

How many roots to the lower first and second molars have?

A

Two

72
Q

What are the eruption dates of the lower deciduous teeth?

A 
A - 8 months
B - 13 months
C - 20 months
D - 16 months
E - 27 months
73
Q

What are the eruption dates for the upper deciduous teeth?

A 
A - 10 months
B - 11 months
C - 19 months
D - 16 months
E - 29 months
74
Q

How many permanent teeth do we have?

A

32

75
Q

What age do permanent teeth begin to erupt at?

A

6 years of age.

76
Q

Upper permanent teeth eruption dates are?

A 
Central incisors - 6/7
Lateral incisors - 8/9
Canine - 10/12
First premolar - 9/11
Second premolar - 10/11
First molar - 6/7
Second molar - 12/13
Third molar - 18/25

6, 1, 2, 4, 5, 3, 7, 8.

77
Q

Lower permanent teeth eruption dates are?

A 
Central incisors - 6/7
Lateral incisors - 7/8
Canine - 9/10
First premolar - 9/11
Second premolar - 9/11
First molar - 6/7
Second molar - 11/12
Third molar - 18/25

6, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.

78
Q

How many cusps does the first permanent molar have?

A

Five.

79
Q

How many roots does the upper four have?

A

Two!

80
Q

What are alveolar crest fibres?

A

They run from the alveolar bone crest to the cementum at the neck of the tooth. They prevent tooth movement.

81
Q

What are the horizontal fibres?

A

They run horizontally from the alveolar bone to the cementum and lie just below the alveolar crest fibres. They resist movement of the tooth.

82
Q

What are the oblique fibres?

A

They run at an angle from the alveolar bone down to the cementum.

83
Q

What are the apical fibres?

A

They occur at the tooth apex and they run between the bone and cementum.

84
Q

What are transept so fibres?

A

They run between the cementum of adjacent teeth through the interdental region and they help to maintain the marginal gingival attachments between teeth.

85
Q

What are free gingival fibres?

A

They run from the cervical cementum into the gingival papillae.

86
Q

What are the fibres in the periodontal ligament made up of?

A

Protein known as collagen.

87
Q

What is the proprioception?

A

The tooths ability to detect and transmit sensation.

88
Q

Where is the parotid salivary gland located?

A

Between the ramus of the mandible and the ear.

89
Q

Which gland would you find located in the posterior area of the floor of the mouth, beneath the mylohyoid gland?

A

Submandibular salivary gland.

90
Q

Where is the sublingual salivary gland located?

A

Located in the anterior floor of the mouth. Above the mylohyoid muscle.

91
Q

Which is the largest salivary gland?

A

Parotid.

92
Q

What is the tube connecting the parotid gland to the oval cavity called?

A

Stenson duct.

93
Q

Which salivary gland is the longest?

A

Submandibular gland.

94
Q

Which duct connects the submandibular gland to the oral cavity?

A

Wharton duct.

95
Q

What do mucous secretory cells produce?

A

A thick, mucous like secretion which aids lubrication in the oral cavity. It contains minerals and enzymes.

96
Q

Which cell produces a thin serum like secretion containing antibodies and electrolytes?

A

Serous secretory cells.

97
Q

What components does salvia contain?

A
  1. Minerals such as sodium, calcium, potassium and electrolytes
  2. Salivary amylase
  3. Antibodies
  4. Leucocytes
  5. Mucus
  6. Other enzymes
  7. Water
98
Q

What is xerostomia?

A

Dry mouth.

99
Q

What is ptyalism?

A

Excessive salivation - usually a symptom of an underlying disease rather than a disorder of its own.

Dental Nursing 2014 (17 decks)

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