Head And Neck Anatomy And Physiology Flashcards
What is the upper jaw know as?
Maxilla
What is this lower jaw known as?
Mandible.
Where is the frontal bone situated?
The forehead.
Where is the temporal bone situated?
The temples.
Where is the Ethmoid bone?
Immediately behind the nose.
How many bones is the maxilla made up of?
Two.
What is the maxilla separated by?
The nasal cavity.
Why are the maxilla bones hollow?
It would be too heavy to lift the head if they were solid.
What is vasoconstrictor?
Adrenaline
What is an injection into the bone referred to as?
Intraosseous
What is an injection into the ligaments referred to as?
Intraligament
What is an injection into the vein referred to as?
Intravenous
What is an injection into the lower jaw referred to as?
Inferior dental block
What is an injection into the upper jaw referred to as?
Infiltration
What is an injection into the pulp tissue referred to as?
Intrapulpal
What does a LA cartridge contain?
- Anaesthetic
- Sterile Water
- Buffering Agents
- Preservative
What does the TMJ contain?
- Condyle head
- Temporal bone
- Articular eminence
- Glenoid fossa
- Mandible
- Meniscus cartlidge
Where the TMJ formed?
Between the Condyle of the Mandible and the Temporal bone.
Where muscle of mastication is situated around the eye?
Orbicularis Oculi
Where is the infraorbital foramen situated?
Beneath the eye sockets.
The two bones of the mandible join together at which centre line?
Mental symphysis.
The ventricle part of the mandible is known as what?
The Ramus of the Mandible.
The horizontal section of the mandible is known as?
The Body of the Mandible.
What is the point where the horizontal and vertical sections meet known as?
Angle of the Mandible.
What is the point called where mandible connects with the temporal bone?
Head of the Condyle.
What runs alongside the lingual side of the mandible?
Mylohyoid Ridge
When the mouth is closed where does the coronoid process rest?
Under the Zygomatic Arch.
Where does the Condyle rest when the mouth is shut?
Glenoid Fossa
The front edge of the Glenoid Fossa is formed into a ridge. What is this referred to as?
The Articular Eminence.
What is the fibrous tissues called between the temporal bone and the Condyle?
Meniscus.
When is it called when the meniscus slips out of place?
Subluxation - jaw clicking.
What is Trismus?
Painful contracture of the joint musculature which results in the inability to open the mouth fully.
What is attrition?
Enamel wear due to constant grinding.
Name the four sets of muscles of mastication?
- Temporalis
- Masseter
- Lateral pterygoid
- Medial pterygoid
The muscles of mastication receive nerve impulses from which cranial nerve?
Fifth Cranial Nerve (V cn)
The muscles of mastication do not cause mouth opening. True or false?
True.
What two points are the muscles of mastication connected to?
The Cranium and The Mandible.
The point at which the muscles of mastication attach to the cranium is called what?
Point of origin.
The point at which the muscles of mastication attach to the mandible is known as what?
Point of insertion.
The mandible is not the only moveable bone of the the TMJ. True or False?
False. It is the only moveable bone in the TMJ.
Where is the point of origin on the temporalis?
Temporal bone of the cranium.
Which muscle of mastication has a point of insertion at the coronoid process?
Temporalis.
What action does the temporalis work?
Pulls the mandible backwards and closed.
Which muscle of mastications point of origin is on the outer surface of the zygomatic arch?
Masseter.
Where is the masseters point of insertion?
The outer surface of madibular ramus and angle.
The masseter closes the mandible. True or False?
True.
What are the points of origin and insertion for the medial pterygoid?
Point of Origin - medial pterygoid plate at the base of the cranium
Point of Insertion - madibular ramus and angle
What action does the medial pterygoid aid?
Closes the mandible.
Which muscle of mastications point of origin is at the base of the cranium?
The Lateral Pterygoid - on the lateral pterygoid plate at the base of the cranium.
The head of the mandibular condyle is the point of insertion for which muscle of mastication?
Lateral pterygoid
Which action does the lateral pterygoid aid?
Brings the mandible forward.
What do the suprahyoid muscles aid?
Opening the mouth.
Name the three suprahyoid muscles.
- Anterior belly of digastric
- Mylohyoid
- Geniohyoid
What are the four nerves most relevant to dentistry?
- Trigeminal nerve (V cn)
- Facial nerve (VII cn)
- Glossopharyngeal nerve
- Hypoglossal nerve
How many branches does the maxillary division divide into?
Five.
What are the five branches of the maxillary division?
- Anterior superior dental nerve
- Middle superior dental nerve
- Posterior superior dental nerve
- Greater palatine nerve
- Nasopalatine nerve
What does the anterior superior nerve do?
Supplies sensation from the upper incisor and canine teeth.
What does middle superior never do?
Supplies sensation from the upper premolar and the anterior half of the upper first molar.
What does the posterior superior nerve do?
Supplies sensation from the posterior half of the first upper molar and the upper 7 and 8.
What does the greater palatine nerve do?
Supplies sensation from the palatal gingivae of the upper molar, premolar and posterior half of the canine teeth.
What does the nasopalatine nerve do?
Supplies sensation from the palatal gingivae of the upper incisor and anterior half of the canine teeth.
What does the maxillary nerve leave the skull through?
The Foramen Rotundum.
Before entering the orbit (eye socket) which nerve branches off?
The posterior superior dental nerve.
Once the foramen enters the orbit, what nerves branch off?
Middle and anterior superior dental nerves.
What does the mandibular division of the Trigeminal nerve emerges from the skull through what?
The Foramen Ovale.
How many branches does the Forman Ovale branch off into?
Four.
What are the four nerves in the mandibular division?
- Inferior dental nerve
- Lingual nerve
- Long buccal nerve
- Motor branch
Which nerve in the mandibular division supplies sensation from all the lower teeth EXCEPT the lower molars?
Inferior dental (alveolar) nerve.
Which nerve supplies sensation from the floor of the mouth and the lingual gingivae of all lower teeth?
Lingual nerve.
What does the long buccal nerve do?
Supplies sensation from the buccal gingivae of the lower molar teeth.
What does the motor branch do?
Supplies sensation to the muscles of mastication to effect jaw closing and chewing movements.
What is Trigeminal Neuralgia?
A condition affecting the sensory nerves of either the mandibular or maxillary divisions.
