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Dental Nursing 2014 > Mircobiology And Pathology > Flashcards

Mircobiology And Pathology Flashcards

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0
Q

What are microorganisms referred to if they cannot produce disease?

A

Non-pathogens

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1
Q

What are microorganisms known as if they are capable of producing disease?

A

Pathogenic

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2
Q

Name three types of microorganisms

A
  • Bacteria
  • Fungi
  • Viruses
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3
Q

Give an example of a disease produced by prion proteins?

A

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

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4
Q

Why is CJD becoming such a big concern in dentistry?

A

It cannot be killed by routine sterilisation and decontamination processes. These bacterium specifically affect nerve tissue and this is why endodontic instruments have become single use.

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5
Q

What shape are cocci bacteria?

A

Circular micro organisms. Clusters of these particular shape are called staphylococci and those living in chains are known as streptococci.

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6
Q

What shape are bacilli bacteria?

A

Rod shaped Bacteria. With pointed ends they are known as bacilli fusiformis and with rounded ends they are known as lactobacilli.

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7
Q

What are spirochaetes shaped like?

A

Spiral shaped.

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8
Q

What is a spore?

A

A bacterium that can survive outside its normal conditions. They have a hard outer coating that protects them from chemicals, drought and variation of temperatures.

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9
Q

What are bacteria known as when they can survive in low oxygen levels?

A

Anaerobic bacteria.

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10
Q

What bacteria have to have oxygen to survive?

A

Aerobic bacteria.

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11
Q

What does streptococcus mutans commonly cause?

A

Bacteria found at the first sight of dental caries.

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12
Q

Where is streptococcus sanguis found?

A

In plaque

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13
Q

What other bacteria may be found during the process of decay?

A

Lactobacillus

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14
Q

What bacteria is associated with ANUG - acute necrotising ulcerative gingivitis?

A

Bacillus fusiformis

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15
Q

Which are bigger, viruses or bacteria?

A

Bacteria

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16
Q

Why are viruses difficult to treat?

A

Because there are very little drugs developed to fight viral infections.

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17
Q

Name a drug related to dentistry that has been developed to fight a viral infection? And which viral infection is it?

A

Aciclovir - a topical cream which treats cold sore lesions.

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18
Q

What is a vaccination?

A

A harmless dose of a viral infection injected or given orally to help develop the presence of antibodies

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19
Q

What is the herpes simplex type 1 virus?

A

Cold sores.

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20
Q

What is Epstein-Barr?

A

Glandular fever.

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21
Q

What is herpes varicella?

A

Chicken pox

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22
Q

What is HIV?

A

A blood borne fatal viral infection.

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23
Q

What is herpes zoster?

A

Shingles.

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24
Q

What is paramyxovirus?

A

Mumps.

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25
Q

What is coxsackivirus?

A

Hand-foot-and-mouth disease.

26
Q

If a patient is suffering from a viral infection what is the best thing to do?

A

Avoid the appointment - avoid the risk of spreading.

27
Q

Which is fungi?

A

A plant like organism - microscopic colonies of mushrooms and toadstools.

28
Q

Where do fungi commonly form?

A

Tend to live on the outer surface of the body.

29
Q

Name the one fungal infection which is most important to a dental professional?

A

Candida Albicans.

30
Q

What fungal infection appears as white film on the tongue and when removed reveals red, sore patches?

A

Oral thrush.

31
Q

Which fungal infection has common symptoms of s sore mouth under a denture or removable appliance?

A

Denture stomatitis.

32
Q

Which fungal infection cause the corners of the mouth to crack or become sore?

A

Angular Cheilitis.

33
Q

What’s the most potential cause of illness and disease in a patient?

A

Infection.

34
Q

What are the bodies three natural lines of defence?

A
  1. Intact skin and mucus membranes - physical barriers
  2. Surface secretions on the skin or mucus membranes - salvia, gastric juices, sweat and tears.
  3. Inflammatory response if the skin is breached.
35
Q

How can infections occur?

A
  1. Direct contact - bodily fluids.
  2. Airborne droplets - sneezing, coughing or spitting.
  3. Aerosol spray - created during the use of dental hand pieces and water sprays.
  4. Direct entry - through damaged skin eg. cuts, grazes or eyes
  5. Inoculation injury - piercing of the skin with a contaminated instrument.
36
Q

What are the five classic signs of inflammation?

A

Heat, swelling, redness, pain and loss of function

37
Q

What is natural immunity?

A

Present from birth - being randomly inherited.

38
Q

What is passive immunity?

A

Inherited from the mothers own pool of immunity and antitoxins. Present from birth.

39
Q

What is acquired immunity?

A

Creation of the necessary antibodies and antitoxins during a pathogen attack.

40
Q

How else can you acquire immunity?

A

From a harmless does of a pathogen - vaccination.

41
Q

What is mutation?

A

When a micro organism changes their chemical make up and creates a new variation of the disease.

42
Q

What must dental staff be vaccinated against?

A
  • Hepatitis B
  • MMR
  • Tuberculosis and whooping cough
  • Poliomyelitis
  • Diphtheria and Tetanus
  • Chicken Pox
  • Meningitis
43
Q

What does ANUG stand for?

A

Acute Necrotising Ulcerative Gingivitis

44
Q

What is a bacterial infection within a periodontal pocket called?

A

Periodontal access

45
Q

What is an infection of the hard tissues?

A

Dental caries

46
Q

What is the infection of the gingivae called?

A

Periodontal disease

47
Q

What is the formation of an abscess at the apex called?

A

Periodical abscess

48
Q

What is the infection of the soft tissues causing ulceration called?

A

Herpetic ulceration

49
Q

What is a dental cyst?

A

Cyst formation associated with a tooth - erupted or unerupted.

50
Q

What is a cyst that forms within the jaw bone called?

A

Alveolar bone cyst.

51
Q

What is acute bacterial infection of the soft tissues called when associated with a partially erupted tooth?

A

Periocoronitis.

52
Q

What is localised osteitis?

A

Bacterial infection of the bony walls of an extraction socket.

53
Q

What is cellulitis?

A

Bacterial infection from a tooth into the surrounding deep soft tissue structures.

54
Q

90% of oral cancers affect the…?

A

Soft tissues as lesions known as Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC).

55
Q

Lifestyle factors that can contribute oral cancers?

A

Smoking and drinking habits.

56
Q

Bacteria can become immune to antibiotics if taken over a prolonged period. True or False?

A

True

57
Q

What would penicillin be used to treat?

A

Pericoronitis and Cellulitis.

58
Q

What is the typical dose prescribed of penicillin?

A

250mg taken four times daily.

59
Q

Why else may penicillin be prescribed to a patient?

A

To prevent secondary infection after oral surgery procedures.

60
Q

What is typical dosage for amoxicillin?

A

500mg three times daily.

61
Q

What is erythromycin?

A

An alternative for Penicillin

62
Q

What is Metronidazole prescribed to treat?

A

Used against anaerobic bacteria. Often associated with Pericoronitis, Periodontal disease and ANUG.

63
Q

Typical prescribed dosage of Metronidazole?

A

200-400mg taken three times daily.

Dental Nursing 2014 (17 decks)

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