Option B Definitions Flashcards
Metabolism
Sum total of all chemical reactions occuring within a living organism
Metabolic pathways
- Linked reactions
- Products of 1 reaction = reactants of next
- Different enzymes to catalyse different steps
Fixing
- Chemical process, done by some organisms
- Converting atmospheric gas particle
- To stable non-gaseous form
- That can be used in metabolic pathways
Transgenic organism
an organism where a DNA sequence from another species has been stably placed into its chromosomes
Proteome
the entire set of proteins that can be made by an organism during its lifetime
Target gene
A nucleotide sequence that normally codes for a protein sequence that will be produced in the transgenic organism. The expression of the target gene will change the characteristics of the organism in a desired targeted way.
Chromophore
Chemical structure whose presence is responsible for the colour of a compound
Genetic marker
a segment of DNA that is in close proximity to a specific genetic disease allele or other allele.
Genetic polymorphisms
Sequence differences in DNA, make genome unique; not necessarily different in function
cDNA, complementary DNA
DNA molecule made from mRNA, using reverse transcriptase.
DNA sequence complementary to mRNA.
Covers complete length of mRNA
transcriptome
all the messenger RNA molecules expressed by an organism / full range of mRNA molecules produced in a cell
Biopharming
use of genetically modified animals and plants to produce proteins for therapeutic use
Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs)
Short (100-300 base pairs) partial versions of a cDNA sequence
Query sequence
(DNA) sequence user provides to database
Subject sequence
(DNA) sequence from database
