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KYCO 2020 1st year, Block 3 > Optics: Block 4 > Flashcards

Optics: Block 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Incoherent scattering depends not on…

A

Speed of light

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2
Q

Which scattering happens with absorption of light?

A

Rayleigh Scattering

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3
Q

What is the scattering profile of Mie Scattering?

A

Mostly forward

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4
Q

Bluer light means there will be more scattering? T/F

A

True

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5
Q

Corneal transmittance is dependent on what?

A

Wavelength

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6
Q

Which refractive surgery techniques cause an increase of intraocular scatter by a factor of 2 with an 8 mm pupil?

A

Radial (RK)

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7
Q

What’s the effective light transmission of red light in blue eyes?

A

1%

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8
Q

What’s the effective light transmission of green light in blue eyes?

A

0.2%

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9
Q

Blue/Blue-green eyes have intraocular scatter caused by what?

A
  • Pigmentation in scleral walls
  • Iris
  • Fundus
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10
Q

Pt comes in with a healthy non-cataractous eye. Intraocular scatter increases by 2 times at the age of what, compared to young eyes?

A

65 years

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11
Q

How many fringes will there be between the central maxima and the first order for a slit at 400 nm wavelength?

A 
# fringes = n-2
= 400-2 = 398

**diffraction on multiple slits

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12
Q

In accordance with phase change, what does coherence mean?

A

Ability for 2 waves to stay together

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13
Q

In accordance with phase change, what does coherence light mean?

A

Length for 2 waves to travel together

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14
Q

In accordance with phase change, what does coherence time mean?

A

How long 2 waves stick together

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15
Q

What determines thin film interference?

A
  • Division of amplitude (aka intensity)

- Change in refractive index has to increase (go from a smaller refractive index to a larger refractive index

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16
Q

What is one factor that doesn’t change when switching mediums?

A

Frequency

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17
Q

What are the factors that change when changing mediums?

A

Wavelength and Speed of light

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18
Q

When two waves are traveling in opposite directions, what is this known as?

A

Destructive Interference (out of phase)

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19
Q

When two waves are traveling in the same directions, what is this known as?

A

Constructive interference (in phase)

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20
Q

When is the only time you can have a phase change?

A

When the light is traveling from a lighter medium to a denser medium (lower refractive index to higher refractive index)

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21
Q

Wave 1 and 2 are in phase. wave 1 travels an extra distance (or path difference) equal to 1 wavelength. What is it now?

A

Constructive interference

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22
Q

Condition for destructive interference is when the path difference (funny s looking greek letter) between 2 waves is equal to what?

A

(m+1/2)(wavelength)

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23
Q

In a condition for forming bright fringes, dsin(theta)=m(lambda), ‘d’ represents distance between 2 slits and the screen. T/F

A

False (d = the distance between the slits)

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24
Q

He-Ne Laser (lambda=632.8nm); double slits of 8mm separation; L=6m (distance between the slits and the screen); How far is the 3rd order maximum from the center of interference pattern?

A 
asin(theta)=m(lambda)
=3(632.8nm)
(0.008)(y/6)=1.89x10^-4
y=0.014175
=14.2mm
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25
Q

2 conditions for interference fringe in Young’s Double slit?

A
  • Monochromatic light

- Coherent light

26
Q

Thin film interference is based on amplitude divisions? T/F

A

True

27
Q

Young’s double slit is based on what?

A

Wavelength

28
Q

Common single layer anti-reflection coating material?

A

Magnesium fluoride

29
Q

Single layer anti-reflection coating reduces light reflection from what percentage or what percentage?

A

4.3% to 1.5%

30
Q

How much does a multilayer anti-reflection thin film coating reduce light reflection to about?

A

=0.5%

31
Q

Minimum thickness of anti-reflecting thin film on glass is ___ of wavelength in thin film.

A

Quarter (t=lambda/4)

32
Q

Diffraction is the change in direction of propagation due to what?

A

Edge phenomenon

33
Q

Using Fresnel, secondary wavelets would undergo mutual interference. T/F

A

True

34
Q

Condition interference for single slit diffraction

A

asin(theta)=m(lambda)

35
Q

Single slit diffraction; aperture size (a) decreases; diffraction pattern does what?

A

Spreads out

36
Q

Condition interference for thin film?

A

2t=m(lambda)

37
Q

Type of diffraction if the source of light and screen are at finite distance from the diffraction aperture.

A

Fresnel

38
Q

Smallest letters a person with 20/40 acuity can resolve have details that sub tends at an angle of what?

A

2’

39
Q

Optical device that blocks alternate zones is called what?

A

Zone plate

40
Q

What happens to the diffraction image point in the phase plate when the alternate zones are phase shifted 180 degrees?

A

Gets BRIGHTER

41
Q

Incoherent scattering depends on what 2 conditions?

A
  • Particle size

- Distance between the 2 particles (greater than coherence length of light…how how long they can stick together)

42
Q

When particles are smaller than wavelength of light, you get what scattering?

A

Rayleigh Scattering

43
Q

How does scattering of Mie scatter appear?

A

Particles are bigger than wavelength and mostly forward

44
Q

How does scattering of Rayleigh scatter appear?

A

Particles are in most all directions

45
Q

Shorter wavelength of light will scatter more. T/F

A

True

46
Q

What color of light will scatter more?

A

Blue

47
Q

Corneal transmittance is dependent on what?

A

Wavelength

48
Q

What is the effective light transmission of the iris for red light if the iris appears blue?

A

=1%

49
Q

What is the effective light transmission of the iris for green light if the iris appears blue?

A

=0.2%

50
Q

What are the three contributors for blue and green eyes?

A
  • Scleral wall
  • Iris
  • Fundus (retina)
51
Q

What’s the increase of scatter for age of 65 compared to young eyes?

A

2 times

52
Q

What’s the increase of scatter for age 75 compared to young eyes?

A

3 times

53
Q

What percent of horizontally polarized light gets transmitted if a vertically polarizing filter is tilted 5 degrees?

A

=0.8%

54
Q

For a light in air, incident on high index of refraction of plastic (n=1.66), what’s the incident angle of polarization? What incident angle results in 100 percent polarization?

A

Tan(theta)=n2/n1
Nn2=1.66
=58.9 degrees

55
Q

A sunlight glare can pass through a polarized filter. What should be the transmission axis when reflecting off a pond or a lake?

A

Horizontal

Vertical used to block the light coming into the eyes

56
Q

The waggle dance of the bee communicates what?

A
  • direction of food

- location of food

57
Q

Form dichroism is based on what?

A

Structure

58
Q

When light travels in a bifringent material, a delay between waves is called what?

A

Phase retardation

59
Q

An ordinary ray is known as what?

A

Fast ray

60
Q

Due to bifringence of the cornea and lens, it changes from linear polarization to what?

A

Elliptical polarization

61
Q

Reflection back from the fundus is what type of polarization?

A

Partial polarization

62
Q

Heidinger’s brush….the bow tie that can be used to detect and train amblyopia due to what?

A

Eccentric fixation

KYCO 2020 1st year, Block 3 (7 decks)

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