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KYCO 2020 1st year, Block 3 > Anatomy: Larynx > Flashcards

Anatomy: Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the larynx

A
  • Part of the air passages
  • Acts as a sphincter
  • Sound production
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2
Q

How does the larynx function as part of the air passages?

A

Links pharynx above to the trachea below

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3
Q

How does the larynx act as a sphincter?

A

Prevents passage of solids and liquids from the pharynx to the air passages below

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4
Q

How does the larynx function in sound production?

A
  • Acts as the organ of phonation

- Controls the expulsion of air from the lungs to produce sounds.

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5
Q

Where is the larynx located?

A
  • Anterior neck

- Opposite cervical vertebrae C4-C6

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6
Q

What does thyroid mean in Greek?

Probably not necessary, but why not?

A

Oblong Shield

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7
Q

What does the skeleton of the larynx consist of?

A
  • 3 unpaired cartilages

- 3 pairs of cartilages

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8
Q

Unpaired cartilages

A
  • Thyroid (large one)
  • Cricoid
  • Epiglottis
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9
Q

Paired cartilages

A
  • Arytenoid
  • Corniculate
  • Cuneiform
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10
Q

Position of larger portion of cricoid cartilage vs smaller portion?

A

The larger portion of the cricoid cartilage faces behind and the smaller portion in front

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11
Q

Composed of 2 plate-like laminae that fuse anteriorly in the midline to form the LARYNGEAL PROMINENCE (ADAM’S APPLE)

A

Thyroid Cartilage

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12
Q

What makes up the laryngeal prominence?

A

Thyroid cartilage composed of 2 plate-like laminae that fuse anteriorly in the midline

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13
Q

Where is the superior laryngeal notch located?

A

Above the laryngeal prominence

It’s a v-shaped notch

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14
Q

Name of the posterior border of each lamina that projects superiorly and inferiorly

A
  • superior horn

- inferior horn

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15
Q

What do the inferior horns articulate with?

**UNDERLINED

A

Cricoid cartilage (unpaired)

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16
Q

A ridge on the lateral aspect of the thyroid cartilage

A

Oblique line

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17
Q

What does the oblique line give attachment to?

**UNDERLINED

A
  • Sternothyroid muscle
  • Thyrohyoid muscle
  • Inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle
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18
Q

Located inferior to the thyroid cartilage; SMALL ARTICULAR FACET at the junction of the arch and lamina ARTICULATES WITH THE INFERIOR HORN OF THE THYROID CARTILAGE

A

Cricoid Cartilage (unpaired)

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19
Q

What does the cricoid cartilage look like?

*Underlined

A
  • SIGNET RING*
  • Narrow arch anterior
  • Wide lamina posterior
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20
Q

Superior border of the lamina of the cricoid cartilage has what?

A

2 facets for articulation with the bases of the arytenoid cartilages

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21
Q

What/where is the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage?

*UNDERLINED

A
  • Horizontal
  • Marks boundary between larynx and trachea
  • Connected to the first tracheal cartilage by the CRICOTRACHEAL LIGAMENT
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22
Q

Spoon-shaped plate of elastic cartilage

A

Epiglottis (unpaired)

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23
Q

Features of the superior end of the epiglottis

A
  • Broad

- Free

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24
Q

Features of the inferior end of the epiglottis

A
  • Narrow (stalk)

- Attached by thyroepiglottic ligament to the angle formed by the 2 laminae of thyroid cartilage

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25
Q

Attachment of the ANTERIOR end of the epiglottis

*UNDERLINED

A

Attached to the body of the hyoid by the HYOEPIGLOTTIC LIGAMENT

26
Q

2 PYRAMIDAL CARTILAGES located on each side of the superior border of the cricoid lamina

**IMPORTANT ONES

A

ARYTENOID CARTILAGES** (paired)

27
Q

What is the vocal process for, and how is it directed?

*UNDERLINED

A
  • Directed anteriorly
  • GIVES ATTACHMENT TO THE VOCAL LIGAMENT

“Business end of sound production”

28
Q

What is the muscular process for, and how is it directed?

*UNDERLINED

A
  • Directed laterally

- GIVES ATTACHMENT TO THE POSTERIOR AND LATERAL CRICOARYTENOID MUSCLES

29
Q

SYNOVIAL JOINT between the articular facet on the lateral aspect of cricoid cartilage and inferior horn of thyroid cartilage

A

Cricothyroid Joint

30
Q

What does the right and left joints working together allow for?

*UNDERLINED

A

THYROID CARTILAGE TO TILT FORWARD AND BACKWARD ON CRICOID CARTILAGE (VISOR-LIKE MOVEMENT)

31
Q

Synovial joint between articular facet on superior border of cricoid lamina and base of arytenoid cartilages

A

Cricoarytenoid Joint

32
Q

What does the cricoarytenoid joint allow for?

A
  • Rotation of the arytenoid around the vertical axis

- Gliding of arytenoid anteroposterior and medial-to-lateral

33
Q

Membrane and ligaments of the Larynx

A
  • Membrane:
  • -Thyrohyoid membrane
  • Ligaments:
  • -Cricotracheal ligament
  • -Hyoepiglottic ligament
  • -Thyroepiglottic ligament
34
Q

What is the job of the thyrohyoid membrane in the larynx?

A
  • Suspends larynx from the hyoid bone

- Connects the body and greater horns of the hyoid bone to the upper border and superior horns of the thyroid cartilage

35
Q

What is the job of the cricotracheal ligament in the larynx?

A

Connects inferior border of cricoid cartilage to the first tracheal cartilage

36
Q

What is the job of the hyoepiglottic ligament in the larynx?

A

Attaches the epiglottis to the hyoid bone

37
Q

What is the job of the thyroepiglottic ligament in the larynx?

A

Attaches the epiglottis to the thyroid cartilage

38
Q

What is continuous with the mucosa of the pharynx and the trachea?

A

Laryngeal mucosa

39
Q

Opening into the larynx

A

Laryngeal inlet

40
Q

The laryngeal inlet allows communication between which 2 structures?

A
  • Laryngopharynx

- Larynx

41
Q

Placement of the laryngeal inlet

A
  • Obliquely placed

- Plane passes posteriorly and inferiorly from the epiglottis to the arytenoid cartilages

42
Q

Boundaries of the laryngeal inlet

A
  • Anterior: Superior border of epiglottis
  • Lateral: Aryepiglottic fold
  • Posterior: Interarytenoid notch
43
Q

What does the aryepiglottic fold contain?

A
  • Corniculate cartilages
  • Cuneiform cartilages

–both in its posterior part

44
Q

Upper part of the laryngeal cavity inside the larynx

A

Laryngeal vestibule

45
Q

What does the laryngeal vestibule extend from?

A

From the laryngeal inlet, superiorly, to a pair of mucosa folds (vestibular folds), inferiorly

46
Q

Space between the right and left vestibular folds

*UNDERLINED

A

Rima vestibuli

Also known as false folds
(Rima = passageway)

47
Q

SPACE BETWEEN VESTIBULAR AND VOCAL FOLDS ON EACH SIDE

*UNDERLINED

A

LARYNGEAL VENTRICLE

48
Q

Shape of laryngeal ventricle when viewed from the laryngeal cavity

A

Spindle-shaped interval

49
Q

Which part of the laryngeal ventricle extends upward for a variable distance, lateral to the vestibular folds?

*UNDERLINED

A

Laryngeal Saccule

50
Q

What does the laryngeal ventricle’s mucosa contain, and what are they a source of?

A
  • Contains numerous mucous glands

- Source of lubricating mucus for vocal folds

51
Q

Prominent, shelf-like folds of mucosa that contain the vocal ligaments

*BOLDED

A

VOCAL FOLDS

52
Q

The space between the right and left vocal folds

*UNDERLINED

A

RIMA GLOTTIDIS

53
Q

2 parts of the Rima Glottidis

A
  • Intermembranous (anterior 3/5)

- Intercartilaginous (posterior 2/5)

54
Q

Comparing the rima glottidis and the rima vestibuli, which one is narrower than the other?

A

Rima glottidis

55
Q

What varies the shape and width of the rima glottidis?

**UNDERLINDED & STARRED

A

Movements of vocal folds and arytenoid cartilages

56
Q

Muscles of the larynx

A
  • Extrinsic muscles

- Intrinsic muscles

57
Q

ORIGINATION & INSERTION OF THE EXTRINSIC MUSCLES OF THE LARYNX

*UNDERLINED

A
  • Origination: Outside the larynx

- Insertion: Into the Larynx or Hyoid bone

58
Q

Function of extrinsic muscles of the larynx

A

Move larynx as a whole

  • Elevation
  • Depression
59
Q

Extrinsic muscles of the larynx (elevators and depressors)

A

Elevators (pull larynx upward)

  • Suprahyoid muscles
  • Longitudinal pharyngeal muscles

Depressors (push larynx downward)
-Infrahoid muscles

60
Q

ORIGINATION AND INSERTION OF INTRINSIC MUSCLES OF THE LARYNX

*UNDERLINED

A
  • Origination: within larynx

- Insertion: within larynx

61
Q

Function of intrinsic muscles of the larynx

A

Capable of moving individual laryngeal cartilages (especially the arytenoid)

KYCO 2020 1st year, Block 3 (7 decks)

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