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optics Flashcards

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1
Q

the branch of physics dealing with light and vision is called _____

A

optics

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2
Q

objects that are radiate light are ______

A

luminous

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3
Q

a _____ ______ is the distance that light travels in a vacuum in 1 year

A

light year

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4
Q

a lense or mirror curved outwards is called ______

A

convex

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5
Q

a ______ telescope enlarges the image with mirrors

A

reflecting

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6
Q

the ____ __ _______ is connected to the angle of _____ because both angles are exactly the same

A

angle of incidence

reflection

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7
Q

____ lenses are NOT similar to _____ lenses because one causes them to diverge

A

convex

concave

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8
Q

____ is connected to ____ because light travels faster through some substances than others making the image appear bent or ____

A

refraction
density
broken

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9
Q

____ are NOT similar to ___ because one reflects light and the other causes light to be refracted

A

mirrors

prisms

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10
Q

____ are connected to ____ light because these angled pieces of glass or crystals break light into a ____ of 7 colours

A

prisms
refracting
spectrum

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11
Q

true or false:

lenses can only converge light

A

false

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12
Q

true or false:

light travels in straight lines

A

true

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13
Q

true or false:

the study of optics deals with light and vision

A

true

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14
Q

true or false:

light travels in the vacuum of space

A

true

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15
Q

true or false:

refraction bends light

A

true

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16
Q

when light travels, it goes in straight lines. what creates a shadow?

A

the absence of light

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17
Q

this illustration demonstrates how light travels and is referred to as a? (blue arrows going down, being reflected as red arrows going straight up)

A

ray diagram

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18
Q

when light interacts with a substance, different things can happen to the light because of the type of material it is made of. what do Opaque materials do to light?

A

block

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19
Q

when a light bulb in a lamp receives electrical energy, it will produce a light. the term used to indicate that a light source produces light is?

A

luminous

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20
Q

this illustration demonstrates a type of reflection known as? (blue arrow going down, red arrows scattering everywhere after being reflected)

A

diffuse

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21
Q

when parallel rays of light hit the surface of this type of mirror, they are reflected back to a focal point in front of the mirror, the type of mirror that does this is called?

A

concave mirror

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22
Q

cosmetic mirrors, flashlights, reflecting telescopes, headlights on a car, are examples of practical applications for this mirror.

A

concave mirror

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23
Q

if an object is placed far away from the focal point in a concave mirror it will appear…

A

inverted & smaller

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24
Q

if an object is placed between the focal point in a concave mirror and the mirror itself, the image will appear…

A

upright & larger

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25
Q

when light is refracted, the angle of incidence increase, and the angle of refraction…

A

increases, depending on material

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26
Q

define Concave

A
  • having outline or surface that curves inward
    -interior of circle or sphere
    2 types -plano concave lens
    -Double concave lenses
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27
Q

define convex

A
  • curved or rounded outwards
  • exterior of sphere or circle
    2 types - plano convex lens
    - double convex lens
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28
Q

define reflection

A

-return of light or sound waves from surface
-action of bending or folding back
2 types -specular diffuse
- regular diffuse

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29
Q

define refraction

A
  • deflection of straight path undergone by light ray or energy wave
  • action of distorting an image by viewing through medium
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30
Q

parts of eye

A

-sclera -cornea -pupil -lens -iris -ciliary body -choroid -retina -optic nerve -conjunctiva -optic disc

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31
Q

define sclera

A
  • white part of eye

- protects eyeball

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32
Q

STUDY DIAGRAMS
optics book - cross section of eye
cheat sheet (names and definition of angle(s)

A

How’d it go?

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33
Q

define cornea

A
  • clear window at front of eye

- covers iris + pupil

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34
Q

define pupil

A
  • black dot at center of eye

- opening where light enters

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35
Q

define lens

A
  • acts like camera lens by focusing light onto retina at back of eye
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36
Q

define iris

A
  • coloured part of eye
  • surrounding pupil
  • controls how much light enter eye by changing size of pupil
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37
Q

define ciliary body

A
  • ring shaped tissue
  • holds and controls movement of eye lens
  • control shape of lens
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38
Q

define choroid

A
  • between retina and sclera

- provides blood supply to eye

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39
Q

define retina

A
  • light sensitive
  • inner lining at back of eye
  • 10 dif. layers of cells working together to detect light , turn it into electrical pulses
40
Q

define optic nerve

A
  • carries electrical pulses from retina to brain
41
Q

define conjunctiva

A
  • layers of mucus

- help keep outside of eye moist

42
Q

define optic disc

A
  • no rods or cones
  • creates blind spot
  • exit for ganglion cell axons leaving eye
43
Q

name 2 types of light and all types of light in that category

A 
Natural
-sun & fire - Bioluminescence
Artificial
-incandescent - fluorescent - phosphorescent
- chemiluminescent
44
Q

define bioluminescence

A
  • produced by organisms within bodies due to chemical reaction
45
Q

define incandescent light 2 ex.

A
  • objects super heated to such high temp.- emit light

- candle flame - light bulb-filament tungsten

46
Q

define fluorescent light 2 ex.

A
  • high energy particles absorb invisible light-light up bulb

- fluorescent light bulb - phosphor coating glows

47
Q

define phosphorescent light 1 ex.

A
  • light energy is absorbed from other source
  • phos. particles give off light after light source is removed
  • glow-in-the-dark items
48
Q

define chemiluminescent light 1 ex.

A
  • chemical reactions
  • give off radiant light
  • glow stick energy
49
Q

define EMR. describe diagram

A
  • light spectrum
  • identified by wavelengths, frequencies, energy
  • visible light is mixture of all colours of rainbow
    1. Gamma 2. X-ray 3. UV 4. Visible light 5. Infrared 6. Micro waves 7. Radio waves
  • squiggly lines get shorter when going to gamma rays
  • long wavy lines for radio waves
50
Q

who was Pythagoras?

A
  • Greek philosopher
  • believed beams of light- from tiny particles
  • eyes detected particles-allowed us to see object
51
Q

who was Albert Michelson

A
  • first person to measure speed of light

- calculated 3x10 (8 squared) m/s

52
Q

speed of light & sound

A

light- 1 000 000 000 km/h

sound- 1200 km/h

53
Q

light technologies include…

A
  • Microscope - Telescope - Periscope - Binoculars - Fibre Optics - Camera - Prescription Contact lenses
  • Laser - Movie projectors - overhead projectors
54
Q

properties of light

A
  • light travels in straight line
  • light reflects (reflection)
  • light refracts (refraction)
  • light disperses (dispersion)
  • light travels through a vacuum (does not require a medium; no particles involved
  • light travels through objects to different angles
55
Q

___ has the smallest refraction and ___ has the greatest. Can be seen due to the ___ through a prism

A

red
violet
dispersion

56
Q

define frequency

A
  • number of wavelength-pass in 1 seconds
  • measured in hertz
    high frequency short wavelength
    low frequency long wavelength
57
Q

define radio waves 2 ex.

A

-longest wavelength
- lowest energy
- lowest frequency
ex.
-radio
-inside bodies to diagnose illness

58
Q

define microwaves 6 ex

A 
-specific frequency that strongly absorbed by water molecules in food
ex.
- microwave ovens
- microwaves
-telecommunication
-satellites
-radio telescopes
-radar remote sensing
59
Q

define infrared waves 4 ex.

A

-infrared means below red
- also called heat radiation
ex.
-remote controls
-computer
-heat lamps
-motion sensors

60
Q

define visible light spectrum

A
  • continually detect by our eyes

- anything you can see, fluorescent light, led light

61
Q

define ultraviolet light 2 ex.

A

-very energetic
ex.
-kill bacteria in water, food, & medical supplies
-sun, detect fingerprints

62
Q

3 ex. of X rays

A
  • x-ray
  • security screening
  • photograph teeth, bones, inside machines
63
Q

define gamma rays 2 ex.

A

-highest energy & frequency
-results from nuclear reactions
-produced by the hottest regions of the universe
ex.
-nuclear explosion
-medical treatment

64
Q

_____ energy radiation is more harmful to humans. the earths ___ is able to protect us from some of the more dangerous radiation in present in space.

A

higher

atmosphere

65
Q

positive and negative effects to exposure from:

X-rays -Ultraviolet rays -radio waves

A 
x-rays 
positive- good medical attention
negative- over exposure=cancer
Ultraviolet
positive-treat jaundice in babies
negative-skin cancer
Radio waves
positive- improved telecommunication
negative- uncertain of long-term exposure
66
Q

define transparent

A
  • allows light to pass through freely

- only small amount of light absorbed or reflected

67
Q

define Opaque

A
  • prevents any lights from passing through

- only absorb light or reflect it

68
Q

define translucent

A
  • most light rays pass through

- scattered in all directions

69
Q

light travels in straight lines, this is called ____

A

Rectilinear Propagation

70
Q

incoming light ray is called the ___

A

incident light ray

71
Q

an imaginary line that is perpendicular to the barrier is called the ___

A

normal

72
Q

the angle formed by the incident ray and the normal is the ___

A

angle of reflection

73
Q

applications of specular and diffuse reflection include:

A
  • countertop surfaces
  • furniture or car wax
  • glazed vs. unglazed ceramics
  • matte vs. glossy finish on photographs
74
Q

law of reflection states the angle of __ equals the angle of ___

A

incidence

reflection

75
Q

define plane mirrors 4 ex.

A

-image size is equal to object size
-image distance is equal to object distance
-image is upright
-image is virtual
-everything depending on position of object
ex.
-bathroom mirrors
-rear view mirrors
-dentist mirrors
-periscopes

76
Q

define concave mirrors 7 ex.

A

-be smaller, larger or same size
-upright or inverted
- actual or virtual
ex.
-inside metal spoon
-spotlights
-overhead projectors
-flashlights
-car headlights
-light houses
-satellite dishes

77
Q

define convex mirrors 3 ex.

A

-smaller than object
-image distance is smaller than object distance
-image is upright
-image is virtual
ex.
-safety mirrors on bus
-side view mirrors on vehicles
-disco balls

78
Q

real vs. virtual images

A 
real image
formed-when reflected rays (not extended rays) meet
located-in front of mirror 
-need screen to see real image
virtual image
formed-reflected rays are extended
located-behind mirror
79
Q

the ___ of a wave when it travels from one __ to another. the ___ ray is found in the second medium travelling in a different ___. the angle between the normal and the refracted ray is called the ___.

A 
bending
medium
refracted
direction
angle of refraction
80
Q

what happens as light travels from a less dense medium to as more dense medium?

A

ray bends towards the normal

81
Q

what happens as light travels from a more dense medium to a less dense medium?

A

ray bends away from the normal

82
Q

why is an object in water not where you think it is?

A

if light travels through 2 different mediums before it reaches your eyes, it doesn’t travel in a straight line. the object is not where your brain thinks it is.

83
Q

lenses are usually made from __ or ___.

A

glass

plastic

84
Q

define corrective lenses and the different kinds

A

nearsightedness- see objects close but not at a distance
lens used to correct-concave
farsightedness- see objects at a distance but not close up
lens used to correct- convex

85
Q

what lens does a microscope use?

A
  • 2 convex lenses with short focal points

- magnified 2x to increase enlargement-magnify

86
Q

what lens do telescopes use, what are the 2 types of telescopes?

A

refracting- objective lens must be large as possible to view distant galaxies.
-lenses bend light to focus it
reflecting-concave mirror, plane mirror, & convex lenses to collect focus light from objects at a large distance
-most telescopes use this type

87
Q

what lens does a camera use?

A

convex

88
Q

what lens do binoculars use?

A

concave or convex

89
Q

what lens do face shields use?

A

convex

90
Q

what lens do magnifying glasses use?

A

convex

91
Q

what lens do contact lenses use?

A

convex

92
Q

what lens does flashlights use?

A

concave

93
Q

what lens do eye glasses use?

A

concave or convex

94
Q

the highest point of a wave is the ___ and the lowest is the ___.

A

crest

trough

95
Q

matter in a ___ moves up and down perpendicular to the direction of the wave travels. the ___ of a wave describes the distance from one crest to another.

A

transverse wave

compression wave

96
Q

the ___ of a wave describes the distance from highest point to the rest position.

A

amplitude

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