Optical isomers and Carbonyls Flashcards
What are structural isomers ? and name all types
Molecules with same molecular formulae but different structural formulae.
positional
chain
functional group
What are stereoisomers ? and name all types
Molecules with same structural formulae but different arrangement of atoms in space.
optical isomers
geometrical (E/Z)
What are optical isomers ?
non-superimposable mirror images.
What must be the case for a optical isomer to be formed ?
A chiral carbon ( a c connected to 4 different groups )
What is optical isomerism ?
optical rotate the plane of polarised light, one isomer rotates it clockwise the other anticlockwise.
What is a enantiomer ?
one type of a optical isomer
What is a enantiomerically pure solution ?
solution with only one optical isomer.
what is a racemic mixture ?
A mixture with equal amounts of 2 enantiomers.
What are the reagent condition and mechanism for the reduction of aldehydes and ketones with CN
KCN
acidic solvent
nucleophilic addition
outline the mechanism for the reduction of aldehydes and ketones
What are the reagent mechanism and condition for reduction of aldehydes and ketones ?
NaBH4
nucleophilic addition
Acidic solvent
Outline the mechanism for the reduction of aldehydes and ketones with CN
Why can nucleophilic addition to aldehydes and asymmetric ketones result in a racemic mixture ?
PEAR
CHO is planar and c is a chiral carbon
CN attacks each side of CHO
equal proportions of each isomer forms
racemic mixutre as there is equal amounts of each enantiomer.
