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chemistry > Alkanes > Flashcards

Alkanes Flashcards

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1
Q

What does it mean when a molecule is saturated ?

A

Only has single bonds.

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2
Q

Why are the IMF between 2-methyl propane weaker than Propane ?

A

Methyl group decreases the surface contact between molecules so the VDW forces are much weaker.

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3
Q

What is the definition of a fraction ?

A

A mixture of compounds with similar boiling points and similar sized molecules.

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4
Q

What is the purpose of fractional distillation ?

A

Separating crude oil into fractions.

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5
Q

Explain the process of fraction distillation.

A

Crude oil is heated until it is vaporized and enters the column
Larger hydrocarbons have higher BP
Smaller hydrocarbons have lower BP
Column is cooler at top so smaller hydrocarbons condense at top and large condense at bottom

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6
Q

What is the cracking and why do we do it ?

A

Cracking is breaking up large hydrocarbon chains into smaller ones.
Smaller hydrocarbons have higher demand.

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7
Q

What are the two types of cracking ?

A

Catalytic and thermal.

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8
Q

What are the conditions for thermal cracking ?

A

High temperature - 700-1200K
High pressure - 7000KPa

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9
Q

What are the products of thermal cracking ?

A

One alkane and multiple alkenes.

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10
Q

What are the conditions of catalytic cracking ?

A

High temperature - 720K
Slight pressure - 100KPa
catalyst - Zeolite

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11
Q

What are the products of complete combustion ?

A

Water and Carbon dioxide

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12
Q

What are the 2 possible products of incomplete combustion ?

A

Carbon monoxide and water
Soot (Solid C) and water

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13
Q

What are the additional pollutants that can be caused by combustion of alkanes ?

A

Sulphur dioxide
Nitrogen oxide (and multiples e.g. NO2 NO4)

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14
Q

What are the formulae for production of acid rain ?

A

4NO2 + 2H2O + O2 ===> 4HNO3
SO2 + 0.5O2 + H2O ===> H2SO4

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15
Q

What are the formulae for flue gas desulphurization ?

A

CaO + H2O + SO2 + 0.5O2 ===> CaSO4.H2O
CaCO3 + 0.5O2 + SO2 ===> CaSO4 + CO2

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16
Q

What is the purpose of catalytic converters ?

A

Remove harmful gasses produced from the combustion of fuel in engines.

17
Q

What are properties of catalytic converters that make them work ?

A

Honeycomb structure for large surface area
Platinum and Rhodium metals to act as catalysts.

18
Q

What is the equation of removal of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide from catalytic converters ?

A

2NO(g) + 2CO(g) ==> N2(g) + 2CO2(g)

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