Alcohols Flashcards
What is the functional group of a aldehyde ?
C double bond O and single bond H
Name this molecule.
CH3CH2CH2CHO
Butan-1-al
What is the functional group of a ketone ?
A carbon chain with a carbon in the middle with a C double bond O
Name this molecule.
CH3CH2COCH3
Butan-2-one
What is the functional group of a carboxylic acid ?
End C with a double bond O and also a OH
Name this molecule.
CH3COOH
Ethanoic acid
What is the reagent of direct hydration ?
H2O
What are the conditions of direct hydration ?
Concentrated H3PO4
High temperature
High pressure
What is the formula for glucose ?
C6H12O6
What are the condtions of fermentation ?
Yeast catalyst
Absence of O2
Temp of 30-40
Why can fermentation only take place at temp 30-40 ?
Below 30 reaction is too slow above 40 the enzyme denatures
What is the formula for photosynthesis ?
6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 +6O2
What is the formula for fermentation ?
C6H12O6 -> 2CH3CH2OH +2CO2
What is the formula for combustion of ethanol ?
2CH3CH2OH +6O2 -> 4CO2 +6H20
What is the name of the reaction during the elimination of alcohols ?
Dehydration
What are the condtions of elimination of a alcohol ?
Hot concentrated H2SO4
What is the test for alcohols and what is observed ?
Add K2Cr2O7 and if alcohol is present will turn from orange to green
What is the conditions and reagent for oxidation of a primary alcohol to a aldehyde ?
Acidified K2Cr2O7
heat under distillation
What is the reaction equations of oxidation of a primary alcohol to a aldehyde ?
CH3CH2OH + [O] -> CH3CHO + H2O
What is the conditions and reagent for oxidation of a aldehyde to a carboxylic acid?
Acidified K2Cr2O7
Heat under reflux
What is the reaction equations of oxidation of a aldehyde to a carboxylic acid?
CH3CHO + [O] -> CH3COOH
What are conditions and reagent for oxidation of a primary alcohol to a carboxylic acid?
Acidified K2Cr2O7
Heat under reflux
What is the reaction equations of oxidation of a primary alcohol to a carboxylic acid?
CH3CH2OH + 2[O] -> CH3COOH +H2O
What are the conditions and the reagent for oxidation of a secondary alcohol to a ketone ?
Acidified K2Cr2O7
Heat under reflux or distillation
What is the reaction equation of oxidation of a secondary alcohol to a ketone ?
CH3CH(OH)CH3 + [O] -> CH3COCH3 + H20
What can primary alcohols be oxidized into ?
Aldehydes and carboxylic acid
What can secondary alcohols be oxidized into ?
Ketones
What can tertiary alcohols be oxidized into ?
nothing
What are the two tests for aldehydes and what are the observations when a aldehyde is present ?
Tollens reagent - silver mirror forms
Fehlings solution - brick red precipitate
What is the test for carboxylic acids and what is observed when one is present ?
Na2CO3 - effervescence
