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chemistry > Atomic structure > Flashcards

Atomic structure Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the trend in successive ionisation energy ?

A

It increases

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2
Q

How are the ions detected at the detector ?

A

They reach the detector and gain an electron which creates a current which is directly proportional to its abundance.

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3
Q

What is the atomic number ?

A

Number of protons

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4
Q

What is the formula for KE

A

KE=1/2 m v^2

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5
Q

Why is the flight tube a vacum ?

A

To prevent the sample colliding with the air molecules.

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6
Q

What is the trend of IE down the group ?

A

Decreases

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7
Q

What causes Ion drift ?

A

All particles are given the same KE but have varying masses therefore have different velocities.

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8
Q

Explain electron impact ionisation.

A

High energy electrons are fired from an electron gun at a gaseous sample, the electrons collide with the particles and knock off electrons to form positive ions.

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9
Q

What are the factors that affect IE ?

A

Nuclear charge
DIstance from nucleus
shielding

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10
Q

What is a isotope ?

A

A atom with the same number of protons and electrons but different number of neutrons

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11
Q

What is a ion ?

A

A atom which has lost or gained one or more electrons.

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12
Q

What is the trend in atomic radius down the group ?

A

increases

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13
Q

Why is Li bigger than Be

A

Same shielding but Be has higher nuclear charge so stronger attraction between nucleus and electrons.

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14
Q

where are protons and neutrons found ?

A

in the nucleus

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15
Q

What is the current created at the detector directly proportional to ?

A

relative abundance

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16
Q

Why is Li bigger than He

A

He has less shielding so stronger attraction between nucleus and electronstherefore it is smaller.

17
Q

Why is the sample fired at a negative plate ?

A

So that it can be given KE and accelerated towards the detector.

18
Q

What is avogadro’s constant

A

6.022x10^23

19
Q

Why do isotopes have the same chemical properties ?

A

They have the same electronic configuration

20
Q

What is the electronic configuration for the first 2 exceptions in IE ?

A

xP1
xP4

21
Q

Why is Cu 3d10 instead of 3d9 ?

A

it loses a electron from the 4s subshell and gains it in the 3d subshell because it is more stable

22
Q

How do you find the number of neutrons ?

A

Mass number - atomic number

23
Q

Explain the results of the gold foil experiment.

A

Most passed through because atom is mostly empty space, few were deflected and reflected because the mass is concentrated in a positive nucleus

24
Q

What is a positive ion ?

A

cation

25
Q

Why is B first IE lower than BE ?

A

B outer electron is in the p subshell which means it is higher in energy so less energy is required to remove it

26
Q

What is the mass number ?

A

Number of protons and neutrons

27
Q

What is m/z

A

Mass charge ratio

28
Q

Explain electrospray ionisation.

A

Sample is dissolved in a volatile solvent and is sprayed through a hypodermic needle ,needle has high voltage so as the sample leaved the needle it gains a proton and forms + ion so it can be accelerated/detected and gives a aerosol.

29
Q

What is the trend in first IE across the period ?

A

Increases because nuclear charge increases so stronger attraction between outer electrons and nucleus.

30
Q

what is first ionisation energy ?

A

amount of energy required to remove a mole of electrons from a mole of atoms in a gaseous state

31
Q

Why is O first IE lower than N ?

A

O outer most electron is paired so less energy is required to remove it because like charges repel.

32
Q

What are the electronic subshells ?

A

S
D
P
F

33
Q

What is the electronic configuration of oxygen ?

A

1s2 2s2 2p4

34
Q

How do you calculate Ar ?

A

(M1xA1)+(M2xA2)……/total abundance

35
Q

Why is Cr 3d5 instead of 3d4 ?

A

it loses a electron from the 4s subshell and gains it in the 3d subshell because it is more stable

36
Q

What are the charges and masses of the 3 subatomic particles ?

A

+1 1
0 1
-1 1/1840

37
Q

Why does IE increase after going down a shell ?

A

decrease in shieldingtherefore stronger attraction btween electrons and posotive nucleus

38
Q

What are the 3 subatomic particles ?

A

Proton
Neutron
Electron

39
Q

what is a negative ion ?

A

anion

chemistry (17 decks)

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