Atomic structure

Question 1

what is the trend in successive ionisation energy ?

Answer 1

It increases

Question 2

How are the ions detected at the detector ?

Answer 2

They reach the detector and gain an electron which creates a current which is directly proportional to its abundance.

Question 3

What is the atomic number ?

Answer 3

Number of protons

Question 4

What is the formula for KE

Answer 4

KE=1/2 m v^2

Question 5

Why is the flight tube a vacum ?

Answer 5

To prevent the sample colliding with the air molecules.

Question 6

What is the trend of IE down the group ?

Answer 6

Decreases

Question 7

What causes Ion drift ?

Answer 7

All particles are given the same KE but have varying masses therefore have different velocities.

Question 8

Explain electron impact ionisation.

Answer 8

High energy electrons are fired from an electron gun at a gaseous sample, the electrons collide with the particles and knock off electrons to form positive ions.

Question 9

What are the factors that affect IE ?

Answer 9

Nuclear charge
DIstance from nucleus
shielding

Question 10

What is a isotope ?

Answer 10

A atom with the same number of protons and electrons but different number of neutrons

Question 11

What is a ion ?

Answer 11

A atom which has lost or gained one or more electrons.

Question 12

What is the trend in atomic radius down the group ?

Answer 12

increases

Question 13

Why is Li bigger than Be

Answer 13

Same shielding but Be has higher nuclear charge so stronger attraction between nucleus and electrons.

Question 14

where are protons and neutrons found ?

Answer 14

in the nucleus

Question 15

What is the current created at the detector directly proportional to ?

Answer 15

relative abundance

Question 16

Why is Li bigger than He

Answer 16

He has less shielding so stronger attraction between nucleus and electronstherefore it is smaller.

Question 17

Why is the sample fired at a negative plate ?

Answer 17

So that it can be given KE and accelerated towards the detector.

Question 18

What is avogadro’s constant

Answer 18

6.022x10^23

Question 19

Why do isotopes have the same chemical properties ?

Answer 19

They have the same electronic configuration

Question 20

What is the electronic configuration for the first 2 exceptions in IE ?

Answer 20

xP1
xP4

Question 21

Why is Cu 3d10 instead of 3d9 ?

Answer 21

it loses a electron from the 4s subshell and gains it in the 3d subshell because it is more stable

Question 22

How do you find the number of neutrons ?

Answer 22

Mass number - atomic number

Question 23

Explain the results of the gold foil experiment.

Answer 23

Most passed through because atom is mostly empty space, few were deflected and reflected because the mass is concentrated in a positive nucleus

Question 24

What is a positive ion ?

Answer 24

cation

Question 25

Why is B first IE lower than BE ?

Answer 25

B outer electron is in the p subshell which means it is higher in energy so less energy is required to remove it

Question 26

What is the mass number ?

Answer 26

Number of protons and neutrons

Question 27

What is m/z

Answer 27

Mass charge ratio

Question 28

Explain electrospray ionisation.

Answer 28

Sample is dissolved in a volatile solvent and is sprayed through a hypodermic needle ,needle has high voltage so as the sample leaved the needle it gains a proton and forms + ion so it can be accelerated/detected and gives a aerosol.

Question 29

What is the trend in first IE across the period ?

Answer 29

Increases because nuclear charge increases so stronger attraction between outer electrons and nucleus.

Question 30

what is first ionisation energy ?

Answer 30

amount of energy required to remove a mole of electrons from a mole of atoms in a gaseous state

Question 31

Why is O first IE lower than N ?

Answer 31

O outer most electron is paired so less energy is required to remove it because like charges repel.

Question 32

What are the electronic subshells ?

Answer 32

S D P F

Question 33

What is the electronic configuration of oxygen ?

Answer 33

1s2 2s2 2p4

Question 34

How do you calculate Ar ?

Answer 34

(M1xA1)+(M2xA2)....../total abundance

Question 35

Why is Cr 3d5 instead of 3d4 ?

Answer 35

it loses a electron from the 4s subshell and gains it in the 3d subshell because it is more stable

Question 36

What are the charges and masses of the 3 subatomic particles ?

Answer 36

+1 1 0 1 -1 1/1840

Question 37

Why does IE increase after going down a shell ?

Answer 37

decrease in shieldingtherefore stronger attraction btween electrons and posotive nucleus

Question 38

What are the 3 subatomic particles ?

Answer 38

Proton Neutron Electron

Question 39

what is a negative ion ?

Answer 39

anion