Opthalmology

Question 1

Key milestones in vision development (previous MCQ)

Answer 1

1. Newborns respond to changes in illumination, and fixate points of contrast, VA 20/400
2. By 2 months of age the infant can follow through 180 degrees
3. Superficial retinal hemorrhages are common in newborns
4. Newborn sclera is thin and blue

Question 2

After what age is ambylopia treatment unlikely to be successful?

Answer 2

Above age 9

Question 3

List 3 options for ambylopia treatment

Answer 3

1. Eye patch
2. Pharmacologic penalization (Atropine drops in good eye)
3. Refractive surgery

Question 4

List 4 causes of anterior uveitis

Answer 4

1. Rheumatologic (JRA-pauciarticular, KD, ulcerative colitis/ankylosing spondylitis, SLE, Wegeners/GPA)
2. Infectious (TB, syphillis, HSV, VZV, remote rubella–Fuchs)
3. Post-infectious reactive arthritis (Reiter: enteric or genital; with arthritis, rash; often HLA-B27+)
4. Blunt occular trauma
5. Sarcoidosis
6. Stevens-Johnson

Question 5

Treatment of traumatic hyphema

Answer 5

Focus is on prevention of secondary hemorrhage and intraocular HTN

Limit activity/bedrest
Topical corticosteroid drops
Follow IOP daily
Monitor for rebleeding

Question 6

When is the highest risk of secondary hemorrhage in a child with hyphema?

Answer 6

4-5 days after

Question 7

What percentage of the population has aniscoria?

Answer 7

20%

Question 8

List 3 causes of leukocoria

Answer 8

Cataract
Retinoblastoma
Retinal detachment 
Vitreous hemorrhage
ROP