Opthalmic Infections 👁 Flashcards
Types of anterior eye infections
Microbial keratitis
= infection of the cornea
Types of posterior eye infections
2
Endophthalmitis
Retinitis
Which symptoms are Sight Threatening?
- Pain
- Photophobia
- Reduced vision
Microbial keratitis
Risk Factors
- contact lens users
- Dry eyes
- ocular trauma
- immunosupression
Viral keratitis
From which pathogen?
Treatment?
Herpes simplex virus (cold sores)
Treat with = Oral antivirals
Bacterial Keratitis
Pathogen names,,,
Staph aureus
Staph epidermidis
Strep pneumoniae
Pseudomonas
Fungal Keratitis
Treatment
Compound Voricinazole eye drops
Adjunctive therapies for Microbial Keratitis
3
Cycloplegics (causes pupil dilation) and paralysis of ciliary muscle
> anticholingerics (atropine)
- Relieves eye pain (by paralysis)
- Prevents posterior synechia formation
(Iris sticks to lens) dilation prevents this
Posterior eye infections
What is Endophthalmitis?
Inflammation of the inside of the eye
-bacterial
-fungal
Posterior eye infections
BACTERIAL Endophthalmitis
Characterised? and caused by?
Hypopyn = pus in anterior chamber
Caused by=
Staphlococci
Strep
Pseudomonas (gram neg)
Posterior eye infections
BACTERIAL Endophthalmitis
Treatment
Intra-vitreal
Injection into the vitreous space
Small volumes: max volume is 0.1 to 0.2 mL
Posterior eye infections
FUNGAL Endophthalmitis
Caused by?
Treatment?
Fungus = candida, aspergillus
Treatment=
Intra-vitreal amphotercin (covers candida) OR voriconazole
When to REFER?
- Pain
- Changes in vision
- Photophobia
- Contact lens use
- Trauma or recent surgery
- Hint of keratitis/endopthalmitis
