Glaucoma 👀

Question 1

Types of glaucoma 2

Answer 1

1. Primary open angle glaucoma
2. Primary angle closure glaucoma

Question 2

What is Primary open Angle Glaucoma?

Answer 2

= Decreased aqueous drainage

Question 3

Primary angle closure glaucoma?

Answer 3

Chronic

Gradual closure of anterior chamber

Question 4

What is Aqueous Humor produced by?

What are the 2 modes of drainage?

Answer 4

Produced by = Ciliary bodies

2 modes of drainage:.
A. Tranecular outflow (90%)
B. Uveoscleral outflow (10%)

Question 5

What are the Diurnal variations? 2

Answer 5

1. Production of Aqueous humor DECREASE 50-60% at night
2. INCREASE IOP at night (partly due to positional changes)

Question 6

Symptoms of Open Angle Glaucoma

Answer 6

Early stage = asymptomatic
Later = loss of 30% of axons = tunnel vision (loss of peripheral vision)

Question 7

Treatments for Open Angle Glaucoma?

Answer 7

1. Prostaglandin analogues
   = Increase UVEOSCLERAL OUTFLOW
2. B blockers
   = decrease AQUEOUS HUMOUR PRODUCTION
3. Carbonic anhydrase Inhibitors
   = decrease AQUEOUS HUMOUR PRODUCTION
4. Alpha 2 agonists
   (Do both)

Question 8

Adverse side effects

Answer 8

1. Prostaglandin analogues
   = irreversible increase in iris pigmentation AND thickening of lashes
2. B blockers
   = hypotension, hallucination
3. Carbonic anhydrase Inhibitors
   = precaution > sulphonamide allergy
4. Alpha 2 agonist
   = ocular irritation, dry mouth and nose

Question 9

Risk of using preservative eye drops in the long term? 5

Answer 9

1. Causes allergies
2. Can cause epithelial toxicity
3. Affects corneal healing
4. Disruption of twar film stability
5. Breaks up lipid layer

Question 10

How to overcome practical issues related to glaucoma treatment? 2

Answer 10

1. Start meds in one eye only as control
2. Avoid 2 drugs from same class