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Ophthalmology > OPT 2222 Lesson 3 > Flashcards

OPT 2222 Lesson 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Nosocomial

A

Infections acquired in hospitals, or in any healthcare setting

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2
Q

zoonosis

A

Animal acquire infection on the human.

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3
Q

3 Elements of Disease Transmission

A

1- A source or Reservoir of Infectious Agent
2-A susceptible Host with a Portal of Entry for the Agent
3-A mode of Transmission

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4
Q

Disease Transmission

A

Direct contact from one person to another

Indirect contact through contaminated object ( fomite)

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5
Q

What is the easiest way to infect an eye?

A

1) Direct contact from one person to another
2) Indirect contact through contaminated object( Fomite)
3) The person inoculates themselves

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6
Q

Methods for studying microorganisms

A

Staining Microbes

Culturing Microbes

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7
Q

The five I’s of Culturing Techs

A

1) Inoculation: Introduction of a sample into a container of “Media” to produce a Culture of Observable Growth
2) Incubation: Conditions that allow growth
3) Isolation: Separating one species from another
4) Inspection
5) Identification

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8
Q

Inoculation

A

If an individual Bacterial Cell is separated from other cells, and has space on a nutrient surface to growth, it will form into a Mound of cells ( Colony)

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9
Q

Colony

A

Consists of One Species

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10
Q

Isolation Techs

A

1) Streak
2) Pour
3) Spread

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11
Q

Kinds of Nutrients Media

A

1) Liquid, Semisolid, or Solid
2) Synthetic or Non synthetic
3) General Purpose, Enriched, Selective, Differential, Anaerobic, Transport, Assay, Enumeration
4) Physical State

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12
Q

Ophthalmic Cultures

A

Must be obtained directly from pt. Plated, and Cultured immediately.

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13
Q

Most Common Media

A

Nutrient Broth. Liquid Medium containing Beef Extract and Peptone

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14
Q

Nutrient Agar

A

Solid Media Containing Beef Extract, Peptone, and Agar. Enriched Media.

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15
Q

Differential Media

A

Allows Growth of Several types of Microbes and Displays Visible Differences between Microbes

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16
Q

Reducing Media

A

Absorbs Oxygen, Slows Penetration of Oxygen into Medium , used for growing Anaerobic Bacteria.

17
Q

Incubation

A

Temperature Controlled Chamber

Microbes Multiplies and Produces Observable Growth

18
Q

Inspection

A

Macroscopic and Microscopic
Pure Cultures: Growths only single known Species
Mixed Cultures: Hold 2 or more Identified Species
Contaminated Culture: Growing unwanted microbes

19
Q

Identification

A

Macroscopic and Microscopic Appearance
Biochemical Tests
Genetic Characteristics
Immunological Testing

20
Q

Disposal of Cultures

A

Incinerate to destroy, do not throw away. Potentially hazardous cultures and specimens are disposed by steam sterilization, Incineration.

21
Q

Microscope

A

Used to see sm. things. If you are using visible lights waves, but the object is smaller than the light wave you cant se it with light.
Light reflected from image passes through curved glass and is bent or Refracted. Depending on size and curvature of Lens, Image appears Enlarged.

22
Q

Magnification

A

Objective Lens creates magnified Real Image
Projected through Oculars and Magnified to form Virtual Image you see
Total Magnification= Power of Objective * Power of Ocular

23
Q

Resolving Power

A

The capacity to distinguish 2 Adjacent Objects
Fxn of the wavelength of light and characteristics of Objective Lens
Numerical Aperture of lens ranges from 0.1 to 1.25
Oil Immersion prevents refractive loss of light resolution
Magnification between 40x and 2000x

24
Q

Oil immersion Lens

A

Used for higher Magnification

25
Q

Hanging Drop

A

View Size, Motility, shape, and arrangement of live cells. Uses a slide with a concave indentation for the sample

26
Q

Fixed Mounts

A

Most Common-Smear of Specimen is Stained for viewing

Staining Dyes create contrast imparting color to cells and organelles

27
Q

Basic Staining

A

Basic Cationic + Chromophore
Positive staining
Surfaces of Negatively charged microbes attract basic dyes and appear Blue.

28
Q

Simple Stains

A

One dye reveals shape, size, and arrangement of cells

29
Q

Differential Stains

A

1) Primary stain and counterstain distinguishes cell types or parts
2) Gram Stains
3) Acid -Fast
4) Endospore Stain

30
Q

Gram Stain

A

1) Primary Stain Crystal Violet
2) Trapping Agent Gram’s Iodine
3) Decolorization with alcohol or acetone
4) Counterstain with Safranin

31
Q

Gram +

A

Appears Blue

32
Q

Gram -

A

Appears Red

33
Q

What is a Wet Mount?

A

Type of preparation to see the size, motility, shape, and arrangement of live cells. Using a drop of water to keep the sample in place

34
Q

Acid staining

A

Negative staining. Microbe repels dye and the background is stained Red.
Acidic Anionic

Ophthalmology (7 decks)

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