OPT 2222 Lesson 1 Flashcards
Pathos in Greek means?
Feeling; Suffering
Logia in Greek means?
The study of
What are the top 5 causes of blindness?
Age Related Macular Degeneration Cataracts Diabetic Retinopathy Glaucoma Corneal Opacification
What is the most common differential diagnosis made?
Red Eye
What is Cataracts?
A clouding of the natural lens of the eye
What is the treatment for cataracts
Cataract Surgery
What is the body’s response to injury?
Inflammation
What are the 5 phases of inflammation
Tumor: Swelling Rumor: Redness Calor: Heat Dolor: Pain Functio Laesa: Loss of function
What are the 5 steps of Cataract Sx
Microincision Capsulorrhexis Phacoemulsification Irrigation and Aspiration of Lens Cortex Implantation of Intraocular Lens (IOL)
What type of anesthesia is used for Cataract Sx
Topical
What is the goal of microSx of the eye?
Improve vision for the visually impaired
Restore vision to those who cannot see
What is Glaucoma
An increase in pressure that damages the Optic Nerve. (The pressure is NOT the only cause, and damage to the Optic Nerve may be directly related to something other than the pressure)
How many people world wide suffer from Glaucoma?
67 Million world wide
How many people in the United States suffer from Glaucoma?
3 Million (1 out of 40 and most are unaware)
African-Americans are how many more times at risk for Glaucoma? And how likely to go blind?
4 X as likely to get the disease, and 10x as likely to go blind
How do you Dx Glaucoma?
Measure the Eye Pressure (Goldmann Tonometer)
Image the Optic Nerve
Determine Nerve Fiber Layer with Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
Measure Visual Field (Perimetry)
What are the two types of Glaucoma?
Acute Angle Closure (This one Hurts)
Chronic Open Angle - Most common (90% of cases)
What is Chronic Open Angle Glaucoma?
Most common form of Glaucoma (90%).
Is caused by slow clogging of the drainage canals resulting in higher IOP.
Has a wide and open angle between the iris and cornea.
Develops slowly and is a lifelong condition.
Symptoms and damage go unnoticed
What is Acute Closure Glaucoma?
Less common form
Blocked drainage canals resulting in sudden rise in IOP
Has a closed or narrow angle between the iris and cornea
Develops very quickly
Symptoms and damage are usually very noticeable
Demands immediate medical attention
What are the Diseases of the Retina?
Age Related Macular Disease (ARMD)
Diabetic Retinopathy
What does ARMD effect?
ARMD effects central vision
What is Wet Form Macular Disease?
A sever form of Macular disease in which there is breakage and bleeding.
What is Diabetic Retinopathy?
A disease of the retina in which the diabetes causes the retina to be malnourished by the blood vessels. May cause hemorrhage and bleeding.
What are the early signs of Diabetic Retinopathy?
Cotton Wool Spots. Nerves drop off - leak and bleed.
Tx the diabetes first and then try to fill the hemorrhages.
