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Ophthalmology > OPT 2222 Lesson 1 > Flashcards

OPT 2222 Lesson 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Pathos in Greek means?

A

Feeling; Suffering

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2
Q

Logia in Greek means?

A

The study of

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3
Q

What are the top 5 causes of blindness?

A 
Age Related Macular Degeneration
Cataracts
Diabetic Retinopathy
Glaucoma
Corneal Opacification
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4
Q

What is the most common differential diagnosis made?

A

Red Eye

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5
Q

What is Cataracts?

A

A clouding of the natural lens of the eye

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6
Q

What is the treatment for cataracts

A

Cataract Surgery

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7
Q

What is the body’s response to injury?

A

Inflammation

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8
Q

What are the 5 phases of inflammation

A 
Tumor: Swelling
Rumor: Redness
Calor: Heat
Dolor: Pain
Functio Laesa: Loss of function
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9
Q

What are the 5 steps of Cataract Sx

A 
Microincision
Capsulorrhexis
Phacoemulsification
Irrigation and Aspiration of Lens Cortex
Implantation of Intraocular Lens (IOL)
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10
Q

What type of anesthesia is used for Cataract Sx

A

Topical

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11
Q

What is the goal of microSx of the eye?

A

Improve vision for the visually impaired

Restore vision to those who cannot see

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12
Q

What is Glaucoma

A

An increase in pressure that damages the Optic Nerve. (The pressure is NOT the only cause, and damage to the Optic Nerve may be directly related to something other than the pressure)

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13
Q

How many people world wide suffer from Glaucoma?

A

67 Million world wide

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14
Q

How many people in the United States suffer from Glaucoma?

A

3 Million (1 out of 40 and most are unaware)

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15
Q

African-Americans are how many more times at risk for Glaucoma? And how likely to go blind?

A

4 X as likely to get the disease, and 10x as likely to go blind

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16
Q

How do you Dx Glaucoma?

A

Measure the Eye Pressure (Goldmann Tonometer)
Image the Optic Nerve
Determine Nerve Fiber Layer with Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
Measure Visual Field (Perimetry)

17
Q

What are the two types of Glaucoma?

A

Acute Angle Closure (This one Hurts)

Chronic Open Angle - Most common (90% of cases)

18
Q

What is Chronic Open Angle Glaucoma?

A

Most common form of Glaucoma (90%).
Is caused by slow clogging of the drainage canals resulting in higher IOP.
Has a wide and open angle between the iris and cornea.
Develops slowly and is a lifelong condition.
Symptoms and damage go unnoticed

19
Q

What is Acute Closure Glaucoma?

A

Less common form
Blocked drainage canals resulting in sudden rise in IOP
Has a closed or narrow angle between the iris and cornea
Develops very quickly
Symptoms and damage are usually very noticeable
Demands immediate medical attention

20
Q

What are the Diseases of the Retina?

A

Age Related Macular Disease (ARMD)

Diabetic Retinopathy

21
Q

What does ARMD effect?

A

ARMD effects central vision

22
Q

What is Wet Form Macular Disease?

A

A sever form of Macular disease in which there is breakage and bleeding.

23
Q

What is Diabetic Retinopathy?

A

A disease of the retina in which the diabetes causes the retina to be malnourished by the blood vessels. May cause hemorrhage and bleeding.

24
Q

What are the early signs of Diabetic Retinopathy?

A

Cotton Wool Spots. Nerves drop off - leak and bleed.

Tx the diabetes first and then try to fill the hemorrhages.

25
Q

What are 2 new Tx for Diseases of the Retina?

A

Implantable Retinal Microchips

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Injections

26
Q

What is the meaning of the Greek word pharmakon?

A

Poison or Drug

27
Q

What are the type of drug administrations for the eyes?

A

Topical
Oral
Injections (Into or under the eye)
IV

28
Q

What are water mixtures?

A

Substances physically but NOT chemically combined

29
Q

What percentage of bodyweight is water?

A

50% to 75% of bodyweight

30
Q

The eye is mostly what?

A

Water

31
Q

What is Solvency?

A

The ability to dissolve chemicals.

32
Q

What percentage of the cornea is water?

A

97%

33
Q

What is Hydrophilic?

A

Charged substances that dissolve in water

34
Q

What is Hydrophobic?

A

Neutral substances that dissolve in oil - NOT WATER

35
Q

Solutions are:

A

Clear - a solvent with a solute in it. Most eye drops are solutions. They remain mixed. Small particles easily pass through membranes.

36
Q

Colloids are:

A

Mixtures of proteins and water. Particles are too large to pass through cell membranes. Are cloudy.

37
Q

Suspensions are:

A

Particles suspended in solvent. Particles too large to pass through cell membranes (>100nm). Opaque. Separates on standing.
Steroids for example

38
Q

Emulsions are:

A

Suspensions of one liquid in another

For example - oil in water (salad dressing)

Ophthalmology (7 decks)

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