Opportunistic mycoses Flashcards
two way an opportunistic fungus will get into the body
compromised anatomic and physical barriers
~ airborne like aspergillus settles on wound
othres from soil
–others from catheter tubes
Two people susceptible to fungal infections
cancer patients of lyphohematolotigs and people with inherited inmmunodeficiencies
chemo and radiation are good places for fungal infections, t/f
true
what two diseases are most common cause of fungal infection in hematopoetic stem cell or transplant patients
candida or aspergillus
This latent disease can increase host suspetibility to other infectsion
CMV and Epstein barr
Because hiv targets CD4+, this results in
oppotunity for fungi contolled by CDT4 helpesr to flourish
Candida are complex and do
phenotype switching
This form of candida is seen in all humans
yeast and hypha morphotyes
while yeast and hyphea are more often seen, this form of candidia can also be seen in host
pseudohyphae or chains of yeast
C. albicans are or are not capsulated
they are non-capsulated
what is the invasive form of C. albicans
pseudohyphal form
where do candida live
commensal part of human floura and like the GI tract
most cases of candidiases come from
person’s own organism
3 out of 4 women experience
vulvovaginalis candidiasis
What is the most common microbial infection in AIDS
candidiasis, lots of THRUSH
What are the three major types of virulence determinants
adhesions, phenotype switching and enZ
C. albicans produces these so they can bind to various parts of the host body
adhesions
the hallmark of invasive C. albicans is this form
invasive pseudohyphae
C. Albicans secrete these and it destructs host tissues
enZ
stents, caths, shunts, ect are all example of
biofilms
C.Albicans can stick to biofilms, this is dangerous bec
they evade immunse sytem and can cause failure of biofilm
Infection sights of C. albicans
skin and mucosal, or moist skin
people on antibiotics
people with dermatisis
site of surgiers like arterial, venous, central venous and urinary catheters
Central venous catheters
Broad=spectrum antibiotics and surgery with gut transection result in
higher suspectiblity to caindidiasis infection in adults and neonates
Candidi pseudo hypahe have or don’t have septa
NO septa
What does aspergillus have
hyphae SEPTA
What type of drug resistances makes non-albinas hard to treate
azole resistance
Why is oral candidiasis difficult to threat in asthmatics
bc get from steroids in inhalers and they need inhaler
Cryptococcus causes
cryptococcosis
What do they look like: Cryptococcus
uninucleate budding yeast with a polyscach capsule
where are cryptococcus distributed?
worldwide and all over soil
guano from birds
Are cryptococcus a normal part of human floura
NO
Which strain of Cryptococcus has an outbreak recoding
C. gatti
Is Cryptococcosis a global disease?
yes; seen in pacific northwest and sub-sahra Africa
What strains of cryptococcosis is the virulent strain
CAPUSLATED… acapsulated are avirulent
how do we prognosis w/ cryptococcosis
see capsuleted presnence in serum of CCF and blood
Whats the deal with cryptocococcis capsule
it’s Antiphagocytic-capsule conceals the fungal wll ligands that our body like phagocytes would regonize and it makes them too big for ingestoin
What is the location of cryptococossis inside a human host
extracellular
we inhale airborne yeast
After we inhale airborn cryptococcossis, what happens in our bodies
they rehydrate and get their capsule back
Meningitis is the first indicaiton of which type of infection
crytpococcal infection
what is the most serious manifestation of cryptococcosus
meningitis
Aspergillus is a mold with
septate hyphae (crosswall mycelia) + conidia
does asperillus have a yeast form
no
Epi of aspergillus
worldwide, in house dust, vegitation, and airborne
Construciton project have been associated with outbreaks in
aspergillus
How does aspergillus destroy host tissue
hydrolytic enZ and toxin production to evade macrophages
This population of individuals have increased suspetiblity to aspergillus
CMI or compromised adaptive immunity
CMI more likely to get Aspergillus, how come
suprresed innate host defense
Neutropenic patients are at risk for
aspergillus infection
leads to localized inflammation
necrotizing in lung
can invade blood vessels leading to brain/liver/ect
invasive asperogillosis
What is the big challenge to scientists when diagnosis aspergillus
making a quick diagnosis
Rhizopus, mucor and fusarium are
Zygomycosis: emerging opportunistic fungal pathogens
Zygomycosis include disease processes caused by members of:
Zygomycetes
Zygomycetes (especially Rhizopus, Mucor, Fusarium) have emerged as
cause of morbidity, mortality in immunocompromised patients
Morphology of Zygomycetes in envi
mold in envi and host
In tissue, the hyphae of rhizopus ad mucro are: septate or aseptate
aseptate, no cross walls
Fusarium are septate or aseptate hyphae
Septate!!! like aspergillus
where are zygomycosis found
in soil, envir, plants, fruit, moldy bread
Epidemiology of Zygomycosis; rhizopus, mucor, fusarium
worldwide and can be found in air vents
Are there virulence determinants for zygomycosis
no
how do we aquire zygomycosis
inhaltion, ingestion, contamination by spores
Acidodic patients with diabets are suspetible to
rhizopus bc of their ketone reductase
this has been seen as a breaksthrough infection in bone marrow transplant patients get antifungal prophylaxis with azoles
Zygomycosese bc the azoles dont work on them
Zygomycosses mimick
common bactetial infections an other mycosis
