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Immunology > Cells and Tissues > Flashcards

Cells and Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

antiG that INDUCES an immure response

A

Immunogen

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2
Q

molecule that BINDS to and is RECOGNIZED by an antibody or T cell

A

AntiG

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3
Q

Type of antiBs Passive immune system receives

A

Receiving PREFORMED antiB

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4
Q

RAPID protection: passive or active

A

Passive

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5
Q

Duration of passive antiB’s

A

SHORT duration—half life about 3 wks

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6
Q

Where can we get passive immunity?

A

IgA in breast milk or humanized antB

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7
Q

EXPOSED to foreign antiG

A

Active immunity

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8
Q

Slow or fast protection for active immunity

A

SLOW protection

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9
Q

Duration of active immunity

A

Long duration→ d/t memory lymphocytes

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10
Q

What causes active immunity?

A

Natural infection, vaccine

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11
Q

Toll like receptors or Nod-like receptors are what type?

A

Innate receptors

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12
Q

= Pattern Recognition Receptors

A

Innate

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13
Q

Innate receptor diversity:

A

-Limited diversity, non-clonal expression—meaning very little genetic diversity with simular recognition patterns

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14
Q

Adaptive receptors are:

A

Antigen Receptors

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15
Q

Type of Adaptive receptors

A
  • T Cell ReCeptors (TCR)
  • B Cell Receptors (BCR)
  • Somatic recombination → DIVERSITY and clonal
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16
Q

Does the innate system have memory cells?

A

no

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17
Q

Type of immune cells adaptive immunity express?

A

clones of lymphocytes remain in body and will recognise and respond to antG more rapidly then first exposure

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18
Q

Type of vaccine:
PROS: strong/life long
CONS: may revert to virulent form

A

LIve Attenuated

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19
Q

Micro-org is modified—decreases pathogeniticy and see limited growth post injection
Induces: Cellular response= T Cells

A

Live Attenuated Vaccine

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20
Q

Path is Inactivated (heat/chemically) but retains IMMUNOLOGIC EPITOPE on surface

A

Inactivated Vaccine

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21
Q

What type of response does inactivated vaccine induce?

A

Induces: Humoral Response = B Cells

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22
Q

Pros/Cons of inactivated vaccine

A

Pros: Stable and safer then live
CONS: weaker immunity—need a booster

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23
Q

Cells of Innate Immune System

A

a. Phagocytes-

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24
Q

= Macros and Neutros (MnoP)

A

Phagocytes

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25
Q

b. Granulocytes

A

= Eosinos, Baso, Masts (Be a GEM)

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26
Q

Cells Linking the INNATE and Adaptive immune sytesms

A

a. Dendritic Cells
- folicular DC, Conventional DCs and plasmacytoid DCs
- NK cells

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27
Q

Lymphocytes are part of what immune system

A

Adaptive immune system

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28
Q

Circulate and enter tissue and differentiate into tissue macrophage, present in all tissues of body

A

Monocyte/Macrophage

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29
Q

LOTS of cytoplasm→ moves into tissues→ becomes Macrophage

A

Monocyte

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30
Q

When does a monocyte get activated?

A

-monocyte is inactivated till become macrophage in tissue and has little pseudopods to reach out and engulf stuff

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31
Q 
motile phagocyte (acid staining, red)
 KEY for PARASITE and ALLERGY
A

Eosinophils

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32
Q

Type of granules eosinophils contain

A

Granules contain Heparin + Hydrolytic enZ

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33
Q

Non-phagocytic (basic dye staining, blue)

A

Basophils

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34
Q

Type of IL basophils release

A

release IL4 (Th2 cytokine)

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35
Q

Circulate in blood

Release pharmagologically acitve immune mediators (histamine)

A

basophils

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36
Q

From bone marrow & emigrate/differentiate in tissue

A

Mast Cells

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37
Q

Type of granules released by mast cells?

A

granules have heparin and histamine

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38
Q

key for ALLERGY

A

Mast cells

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39
Q

Derived from same Bone marrow progeitor as Monos→ then migrate + reside in tissues near site of microbe entry

A

Dendridic Cells

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40
Q

Function of DC cells

A

b. Primary funx = APC

i. TRANSPORT and PRESENT microbial antigens to T lymphos in peripheral lymphoid tissues as matures DCs

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41
Q
  1. Large, granular lymphos that recognize foreign cells of many diff antigenic types
    a. Lack T cell receptors and lack surface IgM or IgD
A

NK cells

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42
Q

Active w/out exposure to antiG

Active Independent of antiG presentation

A

NK cells

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43
Q

What kind of cytokines do NK cells release?

A

a. secreate cytotoxins such as Perforin and granzyme into cells

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44
Q

Specialize in killing of virus-infected cells and tumor cells

A

NK cells

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45
Q

How do NK cells induce apoptosis?

A

b. Induce apoptosis via Fas-FasL interactions

46
Q

How do NK cells get activated?

A
  1. Activated by IFN-α, IFN β, IFN γand IL-12
47
Q

When NK cells stimulate adaptive immune response what do they make?

A

Make IFN-γ and IL-12 → which then go on to activate Th1 type Tcells

48
Q

CD3 is common to

A

all T lymphs

49
Q

CD19 and CD 20 typical of most

A

B cells

50
Q

help distinguish btwn subclasses of T cells

A

CD4 an CD8

51
Q

What is recpetor portion of immunoglobulin (anitibody) molecule

A

Fc (FcR)

52
Q

Naïve B Lymphos express what Igs?

A

a. express IgM and D with low affinity

53
Q

Naive B’s express?

and don’t express?

A 
Express CXCR5 (high)
 Don’t express CD27
54
Q

Effector B cells: contains

A

RER, Mitochondrion and Golgi Complex

55
Q

Activated/Effector B lymphs Increase expression on

A

IG:G/A/E during response

56
Q

Activated or effector B lymphs high expression of?

Low expression of?

A

LOW exp of CXCR5

HIGH exp of CD27

57
Q

these dudes secreate antiB

they are large plasma cells

A

Activated B lymphs

58
Q

Memory B Cells have high expression of

A

IG:G/A/E

59
Q

no effector funx and are very small
not sure if they have CXCR5
HIGH expression of CD27

A

Activated B Lymphs

60
Q

Location of hematopoetic progenitors and lymphocyte devo;

A

Bone Marrow

  • Naïve lymphocytes are small
  • Mature lymphocs are larger and more cytoplasm
61
Q

Location of devo annd maturation of T lymphocytes

A

Thymus

62
Q

Secondary (Perpheral) Lymphoid tissues

A

Lymph Nodes
Spleen
Mucosal or skina associated lypmhatic tissue (MALT/SALT)
a. Peyers patches

63
Q

Maturation of Lymphocytes of B cell

A

Bone marrow stem cell→ (B cell lineage)→ Bone marrow (generative lyphoid organ)→Mature B lympho→ Blood→ Peripheral Lymphoid organs and recirculate back to blood

64
Q

Maturation of Lymphocytes of T cell

A

Bone Marrow Stem Cell→ (T Cell lineage) → Thymus→ Mature T lymphos→ Blood/lymph→ Peripheral lymphoid organs→ back to blood/thymus

65
Q

Generative Lymphoid tissue

1. Cortex:

A

on periphery: dark purple staining

a. densely packed with immature T cells called thymocytes

66
Q

Part of Lymphoid tissue with fewer T cells and endothelial cells, macrophages and CD

A
  1. Medulla: inner part, lighter pink
67
Q

Where devoing thymocytes mature to immunocompetent T cells via gentic changes that modify the cell surface antiG receptors (TCR) that the naïve T cell uses to recognise antiG

A

Medulla

68
Q

Multi-functional, secreate factors to attract precursor thymocytes to thymus

A

TMEC: key for T cell devo

69
Q

Makes support for T cells during maturation and surround blood vessels to make blood-thymus barrier

A

TMEC

70
Q

Present self antiG to maturing thymocytes during neg and positive selection

A

TMEC

71
Q

Central Tolerance =

A

process of negative and positive selection

72
Q

abilty to recognize peptide antiG complexed w/ self-MHC molecules

A

Positive selection

73
Q

next step… when cells above recognize self-antiG are removed via apoptosis
–>Survivors will migrate to medulla→ on to lymph vessels to secondary organs

A

Negative selection:

74
Q

Specialized vessels to drain fliud from regional tissues into and out of lypmh nodes and into Blood

A

Lymphatic system

75
Q

Lymph vessels

A

made of overlapping endothelial cells that LACK proteins needed form tight bonds for a basement membrane

76
Q

Lymph vessels have tight/leaky epithelia?

A

a. result = leaky epithelia

77
Q

provides direct cnx btwn peripheral and secondary immune tissues

A

Lymphatic system

78
Q

collects microbial antiG as both free in the lymph of if they’re associated with APC’s

A

Lymphatic system

79
Q

Position on immune cells and lymphocytes

A

in peripheral tissue along interfaces btwn environment and organism
ust deep or in close proximity to surface of skin, digestive and respiratory, urinary or reprotract

80
Q

Drainage of lymph: drain inferior and SVC and have collection of nodes;

A

AntiG are captured at peripheral site of infection then the draining lymph nodes will be sites of adaptive immune activation

81
Q

Pathogen gains entry via

A

DC through the epithelium

82
Q

Pathway of associated antiG

A

Pathway

  1. Pathogen gains entry via a DC through the epithelium–>You get Free antigens in blood + DC associated antiG and both go down dif paths.
    - -> DC assoicated antiG will enter a lymphatic vessel–>DC associated antiG will then travel to lymph node–> Lymph node captures antiG from epithelium and CT along with DC cell.
83
Q

Pathway of free antiG

A
  1. Pathogen gains entry via a DC through the epithelium–>You get Free antigens in blood + DC associated antiG and both go down dif paths–> Free antiG in blood will enter a venule→ enter the blood stream–> Free antiG in blood will then enter circulation and be carried to the spleen–>Blood borne antiG are captured by antiG presenting cells in the spleen
84
Q

Encapsulatd secondary lymphoid tissue that initiate immune responses to cell-associated antiG

A

Lymph Nodes

85
Q

Where do follicle of lymph node lay?

A

w/in outer cortex

86
Q
  • when central area of follicle stains less intesnse w/ te hematoxylin stain
  • here in an increased level of B cell activation and proliferation
A

Germinal center:

87
Q

Area where there is no germinal center

A

Parafollicular cortex

88
Q

= rich in T cells, DCs and macrophage

-most T cells here are naïve

A

Parafollicular Cortex

89
Q

Vascular organ that removes damaged cells and immune complexes or opsonized microbes from circulation

A

Spleen

90
Q

when microbes are coated with host proteins to enhance phagocytosis by myeloid cells

A

Opsonization

91
Q

blood filled vascular space

has large sinusoid where blood from vessels drain into that are lined with macrophages

A

Red Pulp

92
Q

Drainage for Red pulp of spleen

A

c. sinusoids drain→ splenic vein→ portal circulation

93
Q
  • location of leukocytes and lymphocytes

- initiates adaptive immune response to blood borne antiG

A

White pulp

94
Q

Package scheme in white pulp

A

c. lypmhos here dense packed around central arteriole en passage to marginal sinus

95
Q

sep red/white pulp

A

marginal zone

96
Q

pulp has follicle w/ naïve B cells and are surrounded by periarteriolar lymphoid sheath paked with T cells, DCs and macrosphages

A

white pulp

97
Q

CC: pt w/out spleen very suseptible to

A

infections w/ encapsulated bacteria: pneumococci and meningococci (stuff cleared by complement and phagocytosis)

98
Q

only cells that make receptors specific for diverse antiG and are key mediators of adaptive immunity

A

Lymphocytes

99
Q

This APC will initiate T cll response

A

DC

100
Q

This APC will cause the effector phase of cell-mediated immunity

A

Macrophage

101
Q

This APC will display antiG to B lymphocytes in humoral immune response

A

Follicular DCs

102
Q

what turns on NK cells?

A

IFN, gamma/alpha or beta and IL-12

103
Q

how does NK induce cellular apoptosis?

A

Fas-FasL interaction

104
Q

Which immune response does NK stimulate?

A

Adaptive immune response

105
Q

differentiated progeny of naive cells that can make molecles w/ function to eliminate antiG

A

Effector cells

106
Q

effector cells of B lineage that secreate antibodies

A

plasma cells

107
Q

These effector B’s devo in response to antigenic stimulation in pheripheral lymphoid organs where they may stay and produce antiB’s

A

Plasma cells

108
Q

Effector CD4+ cells also known as helper T’s make

A

cytokines

109
Q

These guys activate B cells, macrophages and mediate the helper function of CD4 T cells

A

cyotkines

110
Q

Theses T cells have machinery to kill infected host cells

A

CD8+ or CTLs

111
Q

cells are functionally inactive, make up less than 5% peripheral T cells in infant and up to 50% in adult

A

memory T cells

Immunology (12 decks)

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