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Immunology > Mycology: endemic mycoses > Flashcards

Mycology: endemic mycoses Flashcards

1
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum causes

A

histoplasmosis

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2
Q

Blastomycoces dermititidis causes

A

blastomycosis

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3
Q

Coccidiodes immitis causes

A

coccidiodomycosis

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4
Q

All three fungs undergo

A

phoenotype switching

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5
Q

all three fungs are: di/mono/poly

A

dimorphic

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6
Q

in envir all three fungus exsist as

A

free living molds

hypae or mycelia frow as a mat

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7
Q

In the host, these two convert to a budding yeast

A

histoplasma cap. and bastomyces

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8
Q

In host this converts to a large endosporulationg sperule with many endospores

A

Coccidiodes immitis

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9
Q

Coccidiodes immitis in host:

A

endosporulationg spherule with many endospores

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10
Q

infection occurs most often via this route

A

respiratory route via inhalation

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11
Q

primary site of infection for histo/blasto/cocci

A

lungs–can disseminate to blood

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12
Q

another primary site of infeciton other then ariway

A

cutaneous (but this can also be reslut of dissemination)

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13
Q

these ind more at risk for disease

A

immunocompromised

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14
Q

definitive diagnostics must be done

A

via microscope

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15
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum location

A

acid soil in tennesse or louisiana or IL

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16
Q

this guy has exceeded histoplamsin culture in 85% pt of people tha tlive near

A

endemic areas

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17
Q

birds and guano can carry this endemic mycoses

A

histoplasmodium

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18
Q

envir: hyphae with microconidia and macroconidia or wart protrubances= tuberculate

A

histoplasma capsulatum

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19
Q

in host: conidia convert to uninucleated oval budding yeast with NARROW BUD neck

A

histoplasma capsulatum

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20
Q

found with narrow bud neck inside phagocytes

A

histoplasma capsulatum

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21
Q

most common result of infection is astymotomatic and then 3-17 days if they do occur

A

histoplasma capsulatum

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22
Q

pulmonary sydnroe from histoplasma can be seen on

A

X-ray but reselmbed TB

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23
Q

Acute pericarditis or pleural effusions in 5% of these pts

A

histoplasma capsulatum

24
Q

in 4-27% of pts that are immunocompormissed we get disseminattion d/t

A

histoplasma capsulatum

25
Q

loss of vision with histoplasma capsulatum d/t

A

ocular histoplasmosis syndome

26
Q

this is an abnormal immunologic inflammatory response leading to fibrosis in pts with histoplasmosis

A

fibrosing medisatinus

27
Q

These guys ahve receptros for CD2/CD18 so they get engulfted by phagocytes

A

microconidia on histoplamo capsulatum

28
Q

therapy for histoplamsa

A

antifungal as adjuct to own immune

29
Q

This disease can be mistaken for TB

A

histoplasmin

30
Q

this can be seen in PAS or GMS stained specimens

A

histoplasmin

31
Q

this is found in rich soil along mississippi and ohio river , more north

A

blastomycosis

32
Q

reporete in wisconsin

A

blastomycosis

33
Q

host: make large multinucleat budding yeast with broak neck bud

A

blastomycosis

34
Q

in envir they are uninucleate hypae with microconidia

A

blastomycosis

35
Q

incubation time for blatomycosis after inhilation

A

4-6 wks

36
Q

can present as benign or chronic granulomatous

A

blastomycosis

37
Q

this will happen in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma, histoplasmosis, TB or other pulm disease

A

blastomycosis

38
Q

This can devo cutaneously as a nodule or papule

A

blastomycosis dermatidis

39
Q

site of most common disseminated disease of blastomycosis

A

skin

40
Q

this cannot be engulfed bc it’s yeast cells are too big

A

blastomycosis

41
Q

On a differential this represents pneomina or TB or a primary metastatic cutaneous lesion

A

blastomycosis

42
Q

Coccidiodioes is fount in

A

hot, arid climates, during windy dry seasson

43
Q

when considering this, must thnk about people traveling to arizona or utuh…ext

A

coccidiodes

44
Q

about 20,000 cases reported/year so it’s a notifiable disease

A

coccidiodes

45
Q

Envir: septate multicell hyphae with alt cells devo into barrel shaped arthioconidia

A

coccidiodoes

46
Q

In host arthroconidia–> larger spherules w/ 72 hours

A

coddiciocdoes

47
Q

What do spherules contain in coccidiocdes

A

endospores

48
Q

how do you test for coccidiocodes

A

hypersensitivty test reaction to coccidiodin

49
Q

symptosm in pt with coccidiodoes

A

mild flu, fever, cough, rash about 7-21 dayts post exposure

50
Q

cattleworkers, farmers and ag workers supseptible to this endemic mycoce

A

coccidiococes

51
Q

When is it dangerous to get coccidiocoese

A

pregnancy at 3rd trimester DONT give azoles

52
Q

3rd most life threathing opportunistic infeciton in AIDS pts in endemic areas

A

coccidiocoses

53
Q

what happes to most acute episodes of primary pulmonary coccidiomycosis

A

tx w/ bed rest and self resolves

54
Q

TX for mild-mod histoplamosis (pulmonary disease)

A

none or Itraconozole

55
Q

TX for mild-mod blastomycosis (pulmonary disease)

A

Itraconazole

56
Q

TX for nmild-moderate pulmonary disease of coccidiodomycosis

A

none

57
Q

TX for severe disease (including CNS) of any endemic mycoces

A

Ampothericin B

Immunology (12 decks)

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