Opioids

Question 1

Morphine

Answer 1

Indication - severe pain
Mechanism of action - Mu receptor (strong)
Side effects - Constipation, addiction, tolerance
Antidote - Naloxone

Question 2

Meperidine

Answer 2

Indication - severe pain
Mechanism of action - binds Kappa receptors; also K+ channels, muscarinic receptors, dopamine transporters
Side effects - serotonin syndrome, seizure, dysphoria, tremor, respiratory depression
Other - Naloxone is not an antidote

Question 3

Hydrocodone

Answer 3

Indication - Moderate/severe pain; cough
Mechanism of action - Mu and Delta receptors
Side Effects - Constipation, respiratory depression, nausea

Question 4

Codeine

Answer 4

Indication - Mild/moderate pain; Cough, diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, narcolepsy
Mechanism of action - Mu receptor
Side Effects - Euphoria, itching, urinary retention, depression, constipation

Question 5

Pentazocine

Answer 5

Indication - Mild/moderate pain (dental extraction)
Mechanism of action - Mu receptor antagonist, Delta and Kappa receptor agonist
Side Effects - Hallucinations, Psychotomimetic effects, cardiovascular effects
Other - Antagonizes the analgesic effects of morphine and meperidine

Question 6

Naloxone

Answer 6

Indication - Antidote to opioid overdose
Mechanism of action - Mu, Delta, and Kappa receptor antagonist
Side Effects - Change in mood, trembling, change in heart rhythm

Question 7

Methadone

Answer 7

Indication - Severe pain; Treatment of dependence on opioid drugs
Mechanism of action - Mu and Delta receptor agonist
Side effects - Dependence