opioid analgesia Flashcards

1
Q

side effects of opioids

A
  1. nausea
  2. pruritis/flushing/ sweating
  3. respiratory depression
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2
Q

opioid analgesics MOA

A

agonist to Mu, kappa and delta receptors which mediate main effects of endorphins

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3
Q

central pharmacodynamic effects with opioid analgesics (5)

A
  1. analgesia
  2. sedation
  3. mood alterations
  4. miosis
  5. seizures
  6. respiratory depression
  7. N/V (direct stim. of CTZ)
  8. cough suppression
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4
Q

do opioids have antipyretic or anti-inflammatory effects?

A

Nope, they might even raise the core temp

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5
Q

peripheral pharmacodynamic effects of opioid analgesics

A
  1. delayed gastric emptying and slowed intestinal transit

2. vasodilation (due to histamine release)

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6
Q

more lipohilic the opioid agent is ….

A

the more likely it will have an effect on the reward pathway

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7
Q

peripheral tolerance for SE of opioids?

A

yep except constipation

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8
Q

more recent potential concerns of opioid analgesics

A
  1. serotonin syndrome
  2. adrenal insufficiency
  3. androgen deficiency
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9
Q

diacetylmorphine

A

heroine- derived from morphine

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10
Q

codeine is a prodrug for

A

morphine

  • needs to be converted to have analgesic effect
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11
Q

codeine duration of action

A

short: 4-6 hr

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12
Q

oxycodone short or long acting?

A

shortduration but there are formulas with extended release like oxycontin

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13
Q

methadone

A

long acting my receptor agonist used as a opioid withdrawal maintenance.

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14
Q

underlying risk of methadone

A

QT prolongation

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15
Q

meperidine

A

short acting otherwise it will accumulate as nor-meperidine which causes tremors and seizures and there is the potential for serotonin syndrome

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16
Q

diphenoxylate and loperamice

A

have activity in the bowel and thus is used to slow transit time and treat diarrhea

***** diphenoxylate has the potential if in high doses to produce analgesia effect but no penetration in CNS

17
Q

loperamide has what possibility to happen in excess

A

cardiotoxicity

18
Q

fentanyl

A

approx. 80-100x as potent as morphine, incredible dangerous. In a clinical setting it is either used as parenteral or transdermal

***it does not get absorbed orally

19
Q

naloxone

A

binds to the mu- receptor with high affinity with quick onset but short duration (to minimize the effect of withdrawal)

20
Q

opioid withdrawal

A
  1. diaphoresis
  2. abdominal cramping, diarrhea
  3. nausea and vomiting
  4. tachycardia
  5. agitation
21
Q

Mixed Agonist-Antagonist Agents

A

Bind to mu & kappa receptors, acting as either agonists or antagonists
Can block activity of other opioids at mu- receptors

Adverse effects:
Sedation, dizziness, nausea
May induce acute w/drawal from other opioids

22
Q

PAMORAs (peripheral opioid receptor antagonist)

A

used when another opioid is causing constipation

23
Q

buprenorphine (suboxone)

A

withdrawal maintenance partial agonist

24
Q

Weak mu-opioid receptor agonist

Also inhibits re-uptake of serotonin & norepinephrine

A

tramadol

25
Q

full or partial agonist or antagonist of the opioid receptor:

methadone

A

full agonist

26
Q

full or partial agonist or antagonist of the opioid receptor:

sublaxone

A

partial agonist

27
Q

full or partial agonist or antagonist of the opioid receptor:

naloxone

A

antagonist