introduction and joint physiology

Question 1

synathrodial joints

Answer 1

juncture of the cranial plates

Question 2

amphiarthrodial (fibrocartilagenous) joints

Answer 2

costosternal joint

Question 3

diarthrodial joints

Answer 3

nearly all familiar moveable joint

Question 4

which of the following do you think is likely to hurt when sharp pressure is applied?

a) cartilage
b) synovial lining tissue
c) ligaments
d) muscle
e) bone

Answer 4

cartilage

Question 5

cartilage is composed of (2)

Answer 5

1. chondrocytes

2. extracellular matrix- type II collagen meshwork with hydrated proteoglycans

Question 6

articular cartilage is (2)

Answer 6

avascular and aneural

Question 7

synovium is composed of (2)

Answer 7

1. matrix layer
2. synovial cells: type A- macrophage like with immunologic functions and type B- fibroblast like with synthetic functions

Question 8

is there a basement membrane between synovial cells and matrix?

Answer 8

nope

Question 9

synovium lines the ______ joints, some tendons and bursae

Answer 9

diarthrodial joints

Question 10

when the synovium is inflamed it looks like

Answer 10

lymphoid tissue, the villous are hypertrophied

Question 11

type of cartilage is hylane?

Answer 11

type II

Question 12

joint capsule cartilage is mainly type ___ and some thin fibrillar type ____

Answer 12

type I and Type III

Question 13

will glucose enter the joint?

Answer 13

yep glucose has a transport system to go into the joint

Question 14

synovial fluid (3)

Answer 14

1. transudate of plasms
2. hyaluronan- high viscosity
3. cellular content is low in non-diseased state

Question 15

synovial fluid >2,000 WBC

Answer 15

inflammatory disease- infections, autoimmune or crystalline etiologies

*** <2,000 WBC- noninflammatory- mechanical or degenerative etiologies

Question 16

what happens to the hyaluronan in acute joint inflammation?

Answer 16

depolymerization of hyaluronan due to the reactive oxygen species released by neutrophils

Question 17

what happens to the solutes in acute inflamed joint?

1. protein
2. Glucose

Answer 17

1. protein concentration is increased

2. Glucose decreases in joint- the transport system from capillary into space fails

Question 18

rapid cartilage loss

Answer 18

bacterial arthritis

Question 19

attacks are severe but self-limited so damage slow over time

Answer 19

crystal arthritis

Question 20

synovial tissue turns from thin to thick and sticky destructive pannus which contributes to cartilage and bone erosion

Answer 20

rheumatoid arhritis

Question 21

immune complex deposition in synovium elicits inflammation but does not elicit destructive synovitis

Answer 21

lupus

Question 22

monosodium urate

Answer 22

Gout

Question 23

calcium pyrophosphate

Answer 23

pseudogout