Opiod Analgesics Flashcards
What is nociceptive pain?
Pain caused by damage to body tissue
What are the receptors for nociceptive pain called?
Nociceptors
What are the three types of nociceptive pain?
- Superficial Somatic
- Deep somatic
- Visceral
What are nociceptors?
Branching ends of sensory neurons found in the PNS
They respond to damage in the body by transmitting painful stimulus to 2nd order neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord
Signal carried through spinothalamic tract to the thalamus, then to somatosensory cortex where pain is perceived.
Name 2 types of pain management
Opiod analgesic
Non opiod analgesic
Name some indications of opiod analgesics
Analgesia, sedation, cough, diarrhea suppression
What are opioids mainly used to treat?
Pain associated with medical procedures
Pain due to trauma or cancer
Visceral pain
Name some sources of opioids
Naturally occurring opiates
Morphine, codeine
Synthetic chemicals: fentanyl
Name some opiod drugs
Hydrocodone
Hydromorphone
Oxycodone
Oxymorphone
What are centrally acting analgesics?
These act in the CNS and peripheral pain mediators without changing consciousness
What are endogenous opioid peptides
These are peptides that bind to opiate receptors in the CNS
Give some examples of endogenous opioid peptides
Nociceptin, endorphin, enkephalin, dinorphin
Name some opioid receptors
Mu- Mu1 and Mu2
Kappa
Delta
What are opioid receptor agonists?
The bind to opioid receptors, and mimic the effects of the endogenous opioid peptides
Name some features of opioid receptor agonists
The band to Mu and Kappa receptors
Inhibit neurotransmitter release and nociceptor signals
Reduce nerve excitability and alter pain perception
