Intro to ANS

Question 1

What are the divisions of the Nervous system?

Answer 1

CNS
PNS

Question 2

What are the divisions of the PNS?

Answer 2

Somatic division
Visceral division (autonomic nervous system)

Question 3

Describe the ANS

Answer 3

Composed of the nerves, that travel to smooth and cardiac muscle

Question 4

Describe the features of the muscles affected by the ANS

Answer 4

• Involuntary muscle
• Muscles possess autorhythmicity
• Regulates rate which organs work

Question 5

What are the division of the ANS

Answer 5

Sympathetic
Parasympathetic

Question 6

Describe the features of the parasympathetic division of the ANS

Answer 6

• nerves originate from brain and spinal cord
• more active doing rest and restoration of body’s energy stores
• PS nerves increase body functions, such as digestion and waste elimination

Question 7

Describe the features of a sympathetic division of the ANS

Answer 7

• nerves, originate from thoracic and lumbar, spinal nerves
• produces fight or flight reaction
• great energy expenditure
• All sympathetic nerves are activated when this division is stimulated

Question 8

Describe peripheral autonomic nerves

Answer 8

• branches of cranial and spinal nerves
• travel to cardiac and smooth muscle of the internal organs

Question 9

What are preganglionic nerve fibers?

Answer 9

Neurons that emerge from the CNS

Question 10

What are postganglionic nerve fibers?

Answer 10

Nerve fibers that travel to the internal organ from the ganglion

Question 11

What is the pharmacological difference between the sympathetic nerves and parasympathetic nerves?

Answer 11

At the parasympathetic nerves the neurotransmitter ACH is released at the ganglia and postganglionic nerve endings

While at the sympathetic nerves ACH is released at the ganglia, and norepinephrine is released at the Postganglionic nerve endings

Question 12

What are cholinergic receptors? Name them

Answer 12

These are receptors on the surface of cells that activate when they bind to acetylcholine

Types:
-Muscarinic (Nn)
-Nicotinic (Nm)

Question 13

What are muscarinic receptors? Describe them

Answer 13

Ligand gated G protein coupled, receptors in the cell membranes of certain neurons and other cells

Located on the cell membranes of visceral organs and glands

Involved in peristalsis, micturition, bronchoconstriction, and other parasympathetic reactions

Question 14

What are nocotinic receptors?

Name the types

Answer 14

Channel protein produces an excitatory effects upon binding with acetylcholine

Function within the CNS and neuromuscular junction

Nicotinic nerve receptors (Nn)
Nicotinic muscle receptors (Nm)

Question 15

Describe nicotinic nerve receptors (Nn)

Answer 15

They are located at the parasympathetic and sympathetic ganglia

Question 16

Describe nicotinic muscle receptors (Nm)

Answer 16

Located on cell membranes of skeletal muscle

Question 17

What are adrenergic receptors? Name them

Answer 17

Cell surface glycoprotein that bind to catecholamines norepinephrine and epinephrine

• Alpha
• Beta

Question 18

Name the types of alpha and beta adrenergic receptors

Answer 18

Alpha-1
Alpha -2

Beta -1
Beta -2