Gastrointestinal Drugs Flashcards
What are the types of secretory cells? (3)
Chief
Parietal
Mucus
What are the symptoms of GERD?
(5)
burning, bloating, belching, regurgitation
Reflux of gastric secretions eg. Pepsin and HCl into esophagus
What is peptic ulcer disease? (2)
Consists of several stomach disorders
Usually gastric and duodenal ulcers
Symptoms of PUD? (2)
Burning, aching
What are the goals of treatment of GERD and PUD? (4)
Relieve symptoms
Decrease frequency & duration of reflux
Heal tissue injury
Prevent recurrence
Treatment of GERD includes
- Education:
weight reduction
stopping smoking
Smaller meals
Don’t eat at bedtime
No tight clothing over abdomen
- Drug therapy
- Limit use of NSAIDS
- Antibiotic treatment for H. Pylori
What are antacids?
Buffer HCl to a lower concentration
What are antacids used for?
To treat heartburn from excessive eating and drinking
Common and serious adverse effect of antacids?
Common- chalky taste
Serious- Constipation (calcium, aluminum) diarrhea (magnesium)
Name some antacid drugs?
Aluminum hydroxide gel
Calcium carbonate (Alka-Seltzer, Tums)
Magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia)
Gaviscon, Gelusil, Maalox, Mylanta, Rolaids
Pepto-Bismol
Histamine 2 receptor antagonists are?
They block H2 receptors resulting in decreased volume of acid secreted
What are H2 antagonists used to treat?
GERD, duodenal ulcers, stress ulcers, Zollinger- Ellison syndrome
What are the common and serious adverse effects of Hz antagonists
Common- dizziness headaches diarrhea somnolence
Serious- confusion, disorientation, hallucinations, gynecomastia
What are gastrointestinal prostaglandins MOA?
They inhibit gastric acid and pepsin secretion
What are gastrointestinal prostaglandins used for?
Prevents and treats gastric ulcers caused by NSAIDS
What are common adverse effects and contraindications of gastrointestinal prostaglandins
CAE- diarrhea
Contraindicated in pregnancy - risk of miscarriage, uterine contractions
What are PPIs?
Inhibit gastric secretions by inhibiting gastric acid pump of parietal cells
What are PPIs used for?
Treat sever esophagits, GERD, gastric and duodenal ulcers
What are common and adverse effects of PPIs?
Common- diarrhea, headache fatigue muscle pain
Serious- Rash, risk of fractures, hypomagnesemia
What are PPI drugs?
lansoprazole (Prevacid), omeprazole (Prilosec), pantoprazole (Protonix), rabeprazole (AcipHex), and esomeprazole (Nexium)
What are coating agents?
These drugs adhere to the crates of an ulcer protecting it from acids, pepsin and bile salts
What are coating agents used for?
Treatment of duodenal ulcers, for patients who cannot tolerate other therapies
What are adverse effects of coating agents
Constipation, dry mouth, dizziness
What are some drugs that are coating agents?
Sucralfate (Carafate)
What are prokinetic agents?
They reduce reflux, increases stomach contractions, relaxes pyloric wave, increases peristalsis at
