Gastrointestinal Drugs

Question 1

What are the types of secretory cells? (3)

Answer 1

Chief
Parietal
Mucus

Question 2

What are the symptoms of GERD?
(5)

Answer 2

burning, bloating, belching, regurgitation

Reflux of gastric secretions eg. Pepsin and HCl into esophagus

Question 3

What is peptic ulcer disease? (2)

Answer 3

Consists of several stomach disorders

Usually gastric and duodenal ulcers

Question 4

Symptoms of PUD? (2)

Answer 4

Burning, aching

Question 5

What are the goals of treatment of GERD and PUD? (4)

Answer 5

Relieve symptoms
Decrease frequency & duration of reflux
Heal tissue injury
Prevent recurrence

Question 6

Treatment of GERD includes

Answer 6

1. Education:

weight reduction
stopping smoking
Smaller meals
Don’t eat at bedtime
No tight clothing over abdomen

2. Drug therapy
3. Limit use of NSAIDS
4. Antibiotic treatment for H. Pylori

Question 7

What are antacids?

Answer 7

Buffer HCl to a lower concentration

Question 8

What are antacids used for?

Answer 8

To treat heartburn from excessive eating and drinking

Question 9

Common and serious adverse effect of antacids?

Answer 9

Common- chalky taste
Serious- Constipation (calcium, aluminum) diarrhea (magnesium)

Question 10

Name some antacid drugs?

Answer 10

Aluminum hydroxide gel
Calcium carbonate (Alka-Seltzer, Tums)
Magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia)
Gaviscon, Gelusil, Maalox, Mylanta, Rolaids
Pepto-Bismol

Question 11

Histamine 2 receptor antagonists are?

Answer 11

They block H2 receptors resulting in decreased volume of acid secreted

Question 12

What are H2 antagonists used to treat?

Answer 12

GERD, duodenal ulcers, stress ulcers, Zollinger- Ellison syndrome

Question 13

What are the common and serious adverse effects of Hz antagonists

Answer 13

Common- dizziness headaches diarrhea somnolence

Serious- confusion, disorientation, hallucinations, gynecomastia

Question 14

What are gastrointestinal prostaglandins MOA?

Answer 14

They inhibit gastric acid and pepsin secretion

Question 15

What are gastrointestinal prostaglandins used for?

Answer 15

Prevents and treats gastric ulcers caused by NSAIDS

Question 16

What are common adverse effects and contraindications of gastrointestinal prostaglandins

Answer 16

CAE- diarrhea
Contraindicated in pregnancy - risk of miscarriage, uterine contractions

Question 17

What are PPIs?

Answer 17

Inhibit gastric secretions by inhibiting gastric acid pump of parietal cells

Question 18

What are PPIs used for?

Answer 18

Treat sever esophagits, GERD, gastric and duodenal ulcers

Question 19

What are common and adverse effects of PPIs?

Answer 19

Common- diarrhea, headache fatigue muscle pain

Serious- Rash, risk of fractures, hypomagnesemia

Question 20

What are PPI drugs?

Answer 20

lansoprazole (Prevacid), omeprazole (Prilosec), pantoprazole (Protonix), rabeprazole (AcipHex), and esomeprazole (Nexium)

Question 21

What are coating agents?

Answer 21

These drugs adhere to the crates of an ulcer protecting it from acids, pepsin and bile salts

Question 22

What are coating agents used for?

Answer 22

Treatment of duodenal ulcers, for patients who cannot tolerate other therapies

Question 23

What are adverse effects of coating agents

Answer 23

Constipation, dry mouth, dizziness

Question 24

What are some drugs that are coating agents?

Answer 24

Sucralfate (Carafate)

Question 25

What are prokinetic agents?

Answer 25

They reduce reflux, increases stomach contractions, relaxes pyloric wave, increases peristalsis at