Opiates, NSAIDs, and Steroids Flashcards
What are some of the side effects of opiate drugs? What two drugs are used for toxicity (overdose) treatment?
Addiction, respiratory depression, constipation and miosis (will not develop tolerance to these side effects).
Naloxone and Naltrexone (opioid receptor antagonists)
What is the MOA of opiates? What receptor do they agonize?
They open the K+ Channels, close the Ca2+ Channels, thus decreasing synaptic signal transduction. –> inhibit release of ACh, 5-HT, Glutamate, and Substance P.
Acts on Mu receptor.
Most commonly abused opiate on the streets?
Heroin
What medication is used to treat heroin withdrawal and why?
Methadone - because it has a long half life
What medication is most commonly abused by physicians and why? Why can it also be used in patients with gallstones?
Meperidine- because it does not cause pinpoint pupils.
Gallstone Px- bc it doesn’t mess with CCK.
What medication is used to decrease mortality in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), and to control diarrhea?
Loperamide - both
Diphenoxylate- used only to control diarrhea.
Which opiate is also used as an anesthetic (also available in patch form)?
Fentanyl
What drug is best used as an anti-tussin (DM)?
Dextroamethorphan
What drug is used as a GABA Receptor Agonist, to treat multiple sclerosis, back pain, and has GABA-ergic effects?
Baclofen
Prostaglandins - PGA2 - what is the MOA and the associated eicosanoid?
Thromboxane - vasoconstricts and promotes platelet aggregation.
Prostaglandins - PGI2: what is its MOA and its associated eicosanoid?
Prostacyclin - Inhibits Clotting
Prostaglandins - PGF2: Name the drug analogue and its side effects.
Carboprost- can also induce abortion
What PGF2 drug can be used to grow out eye lashes? What are some side effects?
Latanaprost- Used for the treatment of glaucoma
SE: can cause brown pigmentation of the iris.
Prostaglandins - PGE1: what is its MOA, uses, and two associated drugs?
Protects stomach via mucus and dilates after end arteriole. –> Alprostadil - keeps PDA open
–> Misoprostol-can cause abortion due to vasoconstriction.
Prostaglandins - PGE2: associated with what drug, and major side effect?
Dinoprostone - can induce abortion.
What three drugs can be used as abortifacients?
Prostaglandins:
PGE1-Misoprostil
PGE2-Dinoprostone
PGF2-Carbaprost
What is the MOA of aspirin? What are the three stages associated with doses: 15 min intervals.
Cox 1 and Cox 2 inhibitor. Great anti-platelet drug.
1st interval: PCO2 decr., bicarb ___, and pH incr.
2nd interval: PCO2 decr., bicarb decr., and pH decr.
3rd interval: PCO2 incr., bicarb decr., and pH decr.
What is Indomethacin used for?
Most potent NSAID - it closes PDA
Most effective NSAID used to treat dysmenorrhea:
Naproxen
Which NSAID has morphine like potency and is used in opioid abuse?
Ketorolac
What is the MOA of steroids (I-KISS)?
I- inhibits phospholipase A2 K- kills T-Cells I- Inhibits macrophage migration S- Stabilizes mast cells S- Stabilizes endothelium
What two steroids are used to induce surfactant production?
Beclomethasone and Betamethasone
Which steroid has the best CNS penetration?
Dexamethasone
Which steroid can take the place of Aldosterone?
Fludrocortisone
