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Pharmacology > Opiates, NSAIDs, and Steroids > Flashcards

Opiates, NSAIDs, and Steroids Flashcards

0
Q

What are some of the side effects of opiate drugs? What two drugs are used for toxicity (overdose) treatment?

A

Addiction, respiratory depression, constipation and miosis (will not develop tolerance to these side effects).

Naloxone and Naltrexone (opioid receptor antagonists)

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1
Q

What is the MOA of opiates? What receptor do they agonize?

A

They open the K+ Channels, close the Ca2+ Channels, thus decreasing synaptic signal transduction. –> inhibit release of ACh, 5-HT, Glutamate, and Substance P.

Acts on Mu receptor.

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2
Q

Most commonly abused opiate on the streets?

A

Heroin

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3
Q

What medication is used to treat heroin withdrawal and why?

A

Methadone - because it has a long half life

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4
Q

What medication is most commonly abused by physicians and why? Why can it also be used in patients with gallstones?

A

Meperidine- because it does not cause pinpoint pupils.

Gallstone Px- bc it doesn’t mess with CCK.

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5
Q

What medication is used to decrease mortality in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), and to control diarrhea?

A

Loperamide - both

Diphenoxylate- used only to control diarrhea.

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6
Q

Which opiate is also used as an anesthetic (also available in patch form)?

A

Fentanyl

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7
Q

What drug is best used as an anti-tussin (DM)?

A

Dextroamethorphan

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8
Q

What drug is used as a GABA Receptor Agonist, to treat multiple sclerosis, back pain, and has GABA-ergic effects?

A

Baclofen

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9
Q

Prostaglandins - PGA2 - what is the MOA and the associated eicosanoid?

A

Thromboxane - vasoconstricts and promotes platelet aggregation.

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10
Q

Prostaglandins - PGI2: what is its MOA and its associated eicosanoid?

A

Prostacyclin - Inhibits Clotting

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11
Q

Prostaglandins - PGF2: Name the drug analogue and its side effects.

A

Carboprost- can also induce abortion

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12
Q

What PGF2 drug can be used to grow out eye lashes? What are some side effects?

A

Latanaprost- Used for the treatment of glaucoma

SE: can cause brown pigmentation of the iris.

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13
Q

Prostaglandins - PGE1: what is its MOA, uses, and two associated drugs?

A

Protects stomach via mucus and dilates after end arteriole. –> Alprostadil - keeps PDA open
–> Misoprostol-can cause abortion due to vasoconstriction.

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14
Q

Prostaglandins - PGE2: associated with what drug, and major side effect?

A

Dinoprostone - can induce abortion.

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15
Q

What three drugs can be used as abortifacients?

A

Prostaglandins:
PGE1-Misoprostil
PGE2-Dinoprostone
PGF2-Carbaprost

16
Q

What is the MOA of aspirin? What are the three stages associated with doses: 15 min intervals.

A

Cox 1 and Cox 2 inhibitor. Great anti-platelet drug.
1st interval: PCO2 decr., bicarb ___, and pH incr.
2nd interval: PCO2 decr., bicarb decr., and pH decr.
3rd interval: PCO2 incr., bicarb decr., and pH decr.

17
Q

What is Indomethacin used for?

A

Most potent NSAID - it closes PDA

18
Q

Most effective NSAID used to treat dysmenorrhea:

A

Naproxen

19
Q

Which NSAID has morphine like potency and is used in opioid abuse?

A

Ketorolac

20
Q

What is the MOA of steroids (I-KISS)?

A 
I-  inhibits phospholipase A2
K- kills T-Cells
I- Inhibits macrophage migration
S- Stabilizes mast cells
S- Stabilizes endothelium
21
Q

What two steroids are used to induce surfactant production?

A

Beclomethasone and Betamethasone

22
Q

Which steroid has the best CNS penetration?

A

Dexamethasone

23
Q

Which steroid can take the place of Aldosterone?

A

Fludrocortisone

24
Q

Which steroid blocks DHT receptors?

A

Cypropterone

25
Q

Which steroid is used to increase appetite in patients undergoing cancer treatment?

A

Megesterol

26
Q

The steroid drug Danazol is used for the treatment of what?

A

Endometriosis

Pharmacology (9 decks)

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