Cardiac Flashcards
These drugs are sodium channel blockers. This class of drugs decreases the slope of phase 0. This drug in particular increases the threshold for firing abnormal pacemaker cells. Used in treating heart failure.
Disopyrimide- Class 1A Anti-arrhythmics
List three Class 1A antiarrhythmics:
Procainamide, Disopyrimide, Quinidine
Name 4 Class 1B antiarrhythmics:
Mexiletene, Lidocaine, Tocainide, Phenytoin
This class of drugs are sodium channel blockers that are best used to treat post MI, acute ventricular arrhythmias, and digitalis induced arrhythmias. Side effects of this drug include pulmonary fibrosis.
Tocainide- Class 1B Anti-Arrhythmic
Name three Class 1C anti-arrhythmics:
Encainamide, Flecainide, Propafenone
These class of drugs are sodium channel blockers that exhibit zero order kinetics, have no effect on the AP length. They are mainly used when other drugs have failed to treat arrhythmias. They are contraindicated post MI as they prolong AV node Refractory Period and are pro-arrhythmic. (2 drugs)
Encainide and Flecainide - Class 1C Anti-Arrhythmics
These drugs are sodium channel blockers. This class of drugs decreases the slope of phase 0. It increases the threshold for firing abnormal pacemaker cells. Associated with cinchonism.
Quinidine - Class 1A- Anti-arrhythmics
These drugs are sodium channel blockers. This class of drugs decreases the slope of phase 0. It increases the threshold for firing abnormal pacemaker cells. SLE- like syndrome (reversible; this is due to anti-histone antibodies).
Procainamide - Class 1A- Anti-Arrhythmics
Class II Beta Blockers: what is the best drug used for HTN emergency?
Sodium nitroprusside - not commonly used though because it contains CN- (cyanide).
This class of drugs are sodium channel blockers that are best used to treat post MI, acute ventricular arrhythmias, and digitalis induced arrhythmias. Side effects of this drug includes severe GI upset.
Mexiletine - Class 1B Anti-Arrhythmic
Class IV - Calcium Channel Blockers:
Name the drugs that are cardioselective and their side effects.
Diltiazem and
Verapamil - causes very bad constipation.
This class of drugs are sodium channel blockers that are best used to treat post MI, acute ventricular arrhythmias, and digitalis induced arrhythmias. Side effects of this drug includes hirsutism, and gingival hyperplasia.
Phenytoin- Class 1B Anti-Arrhythmic
These class of drugs are sodium channel blockers that exhibit zero order kinetics, have no effect on the AP length. They are mainly used when other drugs have failed to treat arrhythmias. They are contraindicated post MI as they prolong AV node Refractory Period. In addition, this drug is also a beta blocker and pro arrhythmic.
Propafenone- Class 1C Anti-Arrhythmic
Most important in this class because it also serves to act a s a beta blocker.
Class II Beta Blockers: what is the best drug used for treatment, post MI, as it can decrease mortality, or in Px with CHF?
Metoprolol
This anti-arrhythmic gets in the way of sodium so the cell can’t depolarize anymore. Clinical use: Torsade De Pointes, Digoxin. What is it?
Magnesium (Mg2+)
These drugs are known as being anti-arrhythmic having a mechanism of action being Class III potassium channel blockers. Name the drugs (2):
Ibutilide and Amiodorone
This Class III drug increases the AP, ERP, and QT interval. SE include: Hyper/hypo-thyroidism, hepatic necrosis, causes Smurff syndrome, corneal clouding, and blocks P450 (thus increases levels of Warfarin, Estrogen, Phenytoin, Theophylline, and digoxin).
Amiodorone
This class of drugs include SE that include: Constipation (due to calcium being the second messenger for gastrin which normally increases gut motility), edema, flushing, and cardiovascular effects. It increases PR and ERP, but decreases conduction velocity (thus used to prevent nodal arrhythmias)
Class IV - Calcium Channel Blockers
Class IV - Calcium Channel Blockers:
Name the drug that is vasoselective and its side effects.
Usually drugs that end in “pines”
Nimodipine- reduces mortality in sub arachnoid hemorrhage
Name the drugs that cause the following: vasodilation by the release of nitric oxide (–>veins before arteries), for use in the treatment of angina and pulmonary edema. Recommended to not mix with drugs like Sildenafil.
Nitroglycerin or Isosorbide Dinitrate
Side effects for nitrate medications include:
Reflex tachycardia, headache, flushing, “Monday disease.” Name the drugs:
Nitroglycerin and or Isosorbide Dinitrate
This anti-arrhythmic increases K+ movement out of cells to cause a hyperpolarization of the cell. Clinical use: abolishing supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). SE include: hypotension and flushing. This drug is blocked by caffeine and theophylline. What is this drug?
Adenosine
This drug is a cardiac glycoside that includes SE: cholinergic effects (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, blurred yellow vision). On an EKG, it shows an increased PR, decreased QT, T-wave inversion, AV block, ST scooping. Presentation of hypokalemia would indicate a poor prognostic factor. This drug’s effects can be reversed by Immune-Fab.
Digoxin
This anti-arrhythmic inhibits Na/K ATPase (indirectly inhibits Na+/Ca2+ exchange - thus, calcium gets stuck inside the cell, so it increases contractility). Clinical use is CHF and atrial fibrillation. Drugs included in this category include: Digoxin and Digitalis.
Cardiac glycosides
