Cardiac

Question 0

These drugs are sodium channel blockers. This class of drugs decreases the slope of phase 0. This drug in particular increases the threshold for firing abnormal pacemaker cells. Used in treating heart failure.

Answer 0

Disopyrimide- Class 1A Anti-arrhythmics

Question 1

List three Class 1A antiarrhythmics:

Answer 1

Procainamide, Disopyrimide, Quinidine

Question 2

Name 4 Class 1B antiarrhythmics:

Answer 2

Mexiletene, Lidocaine, Tocainide, Phenytoin

Question 3

This class of drugs are sodium channel blockers that are best used to treat post MI, acute ventricular arrhythmias, and digitalis induced arrhythmias. Side effects of this drug include pulmonary fibrosis.

Answer 3

Tocainide- Class 1B Anti-Arrhythmic

Question 4

Name three Class 1C anti-arrhythmics:

Answer 4

Encainamide, Flecainide, Propafenone

Question 6

These class of drugs are sodium channel blockers that exhibit zero order kinetics, have no effect on the AP length. They are mainly used when other drugs have failed to treat arrhythmias. They are contraindicated post MI as they prolong AV node Refractory Period and are pro-arrhythmic. (2 drugs)

Answer 6

Encainide and Flecainide - Class 1C Anti-Arrhythmics

Question 7

These drugs are sodium channel blockers. This class of drugs decreases the slope of phase 0. It increases the threshold for firing abnormal pacemaker cells. Associated with cinchonism.

Answer 7

Quinidine - Class 1A- Anti-arrhythmics

Question 8

These drugs are sodium channel blockers. This class of drugs decreases the slope of phase 0. It increases the threshold for firing abnormal pacemaker cells. SLE- like syndrome (reversible; this is due to anti-histone antibodies).

Answer 8

Procainamide - Class 1A- Anti-Arrhythmics

Question 9

Class II Beta Blockers: what is the best drug used for HTN emergency?

Answer 9

Sodium nitroprusside - not commonly used though because it contains CN- (cyanide).

Question 10

This class of drugs are sodium channel blockers that are best used to treat post MI, acute ventricular arrhythmias, and digitalis induced arrhythmias. Side effects of this drug includes severe GI upset.

Answer 10

Mexiletine - Class 1B Anti-Arrhythmic

Question 11

Class IV - Calcium Channel Blockers:

Name the drugs that are cardioselective and their side effects.

Answer 11

Diltiazem and

Verapamil - causes very bad constipation.

Question 12

This class of drugs are sodium channel blockers that are best used to treat post MI, acute ventricular arrhythmias, and digitalis induced arrhythmias. Side effects of this drug includes hirsutism, and gingival hyperplasia.

Answer 12

Phenytoin- Class 1B Anti-Arrhythmic

Question 13

These class of drugs are sodium channel blockers that exhibit zero order kinetics, have no effect on the AP length. They are mainly used when other drugs have failed to treat arrhythmias. They are contraindicated post MI as they prolong AV node Refractory Period. In addition, this drug is also a beta blocker and pro arrhythmic.

Answer 13

Propafenone- Class 1C Anti-Arrhythmic

Most important in this class because it also serves to act a s a beta blocker.

Question 14

Class II Beta Blockers: what is the best drug used for treatment, post MI, as it can decrease mortality, or in Px with CHF?

Answer 14

Metoprolol

Question 15

This anti-arrhythmic gets in the way of sodium so the cell can’t depolarize anymore. Clinical use: Torsade De Pointes, Digoxin. What is it?

Answer 15

Magnesium (Mg2+)

Question 16

These drugs are known as being anti-arrhythmic having a mechanism of action being Class III potassium channel blockers. Name the drugs (2):

Answer 16

Ibutilide and Amiodorone

Question 17

This Class III drug increases the AP, ERP, and QT interval. SE include: Hyper/hypo-thyroidism, hepatic necrosis, causes Smurff syndrome, corneal clouding, and blocks P450 (thus increases levels of Warfarin, Estrogen, Phenytoin, Theophylline, and digoxin).

Answer 17

Amiodorone

Question 18

This class of drugs include SE that include: Constipation (due to calcium being the second messenger for gastrin which normally increases gut motility), edema, flushing, and cardiovascular effects. It increases PR and ERP, but decreases conduction velocity (thus used to prevent nodal arrhythmias)

Answer 18

Class IV - Calcium Channel Blockers

Question 19

Class IV - Calcium Channel Blockers:

Name the drug that is vasoselective and its side effects.

Answer 19

Usually drugs that end in “pines”

Nimodipine- reduces mortality in sub arachnoid hemorrhage

Question 20

Name the drugs that cause the following: vasodilation by the release of nitric oxide (–>veins before arteries), for use in the treatment of angina and pulmonary edema. Recommended to not mix with drugs like Sildenafil.

Answer 20

Nitroglycerin or Isosorbide Dinitrate

Question 21

Side effects for nitrate medications include:

Reflex tachycardia, headache, flushing, “Monday disease.” Name the drugs:

Answer 21

Nitroglycerin and or Isosorbide Dinitrate

Question 21

This anti-arrhythmic increases K+ movement out of cells to cause a hyperpolarization of the cell. Clinical use: abolishing supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). SE include: hypotension and flushing. This drug is blocked by caffeine and theophylline. What is this drug?

Answer 21

Adenosine

Question 22

This drug is a cardiac glycoside that includes SE: cholinergic effects (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, blurred yellow vision). On an EKG, it shows an increased PR, decreased QT, T-wave inversion, AV block, ST scooping. Presentation of hypokalemia would indicate a poor prognostic factor. This drug’s effects can be reversed by Immune-Fab.

Answer 22

Digoxin

Question 23

This anti-arrhythmic inhibits Na/K ATPase (indirectly inhibits Na+/Ca2+ exchange - thus, calcium gets stuck inside the cell, so it increases contractility). Clinical use is CHF and atrial fibrillation. Drugs included in this category include: Digoxin and Digitalis.

Answer 23

Cardiac glycosides

Question 24

This drug has significant POS ionotropic effect? In addition, abrupt cessation of therapy may cause a serious rebound hypertension.

Answer 24

Clonidine

Question 25

This medication causes a high incidence of reflex tachycardia. Its a mixed alpha/beta antagonist to treat HBP. It’s particular use is in pregnant Px that have some assoc. w/pre-eclampsia. Also used to treat chronic and acute hypertension of pheochromocytoma and hypertensive crisis. It is also suitable in use with other beta blockers.

Answer 25

Labetalol

Question 26

This drug is used in the management of certain arrhythmias?

Answer 26

Hydralazine