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Pharmacology > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

0
Q

What receptor stimulates the following: increase gland secretion, increase gut motility, miosis via pupillary sphincter, accommodation via ciliary, broncho constriction, bladder constriction.

A

Parasympathetic system - cholinergic - M3 receptor

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1
Q

Drugs that agonize muscarinic receptors (M3) are called what?

A

Cholinergics

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4
Q

Cholinergics - What medication is used for: Post op and neurogenic ileus and urinary retention.

A

Bethanachol

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5
Q

Cholinergics - What medication is used for: Glaucoma, pupillary contraction, relief of IOP, and also for post op urinary retention.

A

Carbechol

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6
Q

Cholinergics - What medication is used for: Induces bronchospasm used in asthma challenge test.

A

Methacholine

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7
Q

Cholinergics - What medication is used for: confirmation of CF - Cystic fibrosis sweat test; drug can cause sweat, drueling, and tears.

A

Pilocarpine

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8
Q

These drugs prevent the degradation of ACh, increasing endogenous ACh.

A

Anti-ACh-esterases.

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9
Q

Anti-ACh-Esterases - What medication is used for: Dx of Myasthenia Gravis; used to differentiate it from a cholinergic crisis.

A

Edrophonium

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10
Q

Anti-ACh-Esterases - What 2 medications are used for: Treatment of Px with Myasthenia Gravis, unrinary retention, reversal of NMJ blockage.

A

Neostigmine and Pyridostigmine

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11
Q

Anti-ACh-Esterases - What medication is used for: an overdose of Atropine? This medication will cross the BBB, and also used in Px with glaucoma.

A

Physostigmine

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12
Q

Anti-ACh-Esterases - What medication is used to treat a Px with glaucoma?

A

Ecothiophate - Ecoth-eye-ophate

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13
Q

Anti-cholinesterase poisoning causes what?

A 
DUMB BELSS (too much ACh)... 
D-Diarrhea 
U-Urination
M-Miosis
B-Bronchoconstriction
B-Bradycardia 
E-Excitation of skeletal muscle & CNS
L-Lacrimation 
S-Sweating and Salivation
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14
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Anti-ACh - Anti-Cholinergics?

A 
Antagonize M3 receptors, thus:
Decrease exocrine gland secretions
Decrease gut motility
Mydriasis + loss of accommodation 
Bronchodilation 
Bladder relaxation
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15
Q

What anti-ACh medication causes: mydriasis w/cyclopegia, management of Anti-AChE “poisoning”?

A

Atropine

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16
Q

What anti-ACh medications (2) have higher affinity for M1 receptors (CNS entry), Tx for Parkinson’s, EPS Symptoms due to antipsychotics.

A

Benztropine and Trihexyphenidyl

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17
Q

What anti-ACh (anti-cholinergic) medication is safe to use with asthma and COPD Px?

A

Ipratropium

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18
Q

What anti-ACh medications (2) reduce urgency in mild cystitis and reduce bladder spasms?

A

Glycopryrrulate and Oxybutinin

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19
Q

What anti-ACh medication reduces motion sickness?

A

Scopolamine

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20
Q

Alpha 1 receptor does the following:

A

Vasoconstriction, constricts sphincter (urinary return), and mydriasis via radial (dilator muscle).

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21
Q

Epinephrine and norepinephrine stimulate what type of receptors?

A

They are alpha 1 agonists

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22
Q

What medication is used to treat incontinence in the elderly?

A

Ephedrine/ pseudoephedrine

23
Q

What medication causes neurogenic shock, pupillary dilation, vasoconstriction, nasal decongestion.

A

Phenylephrine

24
Q

Alpha 1 agonist- causes decreased production of aqueous humor, vasoconstriction.
Clinical use: hypotension, asthma, anaphylaxis, open angle glaucoma.

A

Epinephrine

25
Q

What medication is used for the diagnosis of Pheochromocytoma, also for patients on MAOi’s that ate tyramine?

A

Phentolamine - an alpha 1 antagonist

26
Q

What medication is used for the treatment of Px diagnosed with pheochromocytoma?

A

Phenoxybenzamine - an alpha 1 antagonist

27
Q

What alpha agonist medication is used for the treatment of impotence?

A

Yohimbine- antagonist for alpha 1 & 2, but more alpha 2.

28
Q

What medication is associated with HTN and first dose syncope?

A

Prazocin- alpha 1 agonist

29
Q

What alpha 1 antagonist medications (2) are used for first line BPH and for hypertension?

A

Terazocin and Doxazocin

30
Q

What medication is used for the treatment of BPH that has the least amount of side effects? Also used in Px with kidney stones.

A

Alpha 1 antagonist- Tamsulosin

31
Q

What is the mechanism of action of an alpha 2 receptor?

A

Decrease NE release (making you more parasympathetic), decreases insulin release, and promotes platelet aggregation.

32
Q

What medication is used for treatment of HTN and psychosis, associated with rebound hypertension?

A

Clonidine- alpha 2 agonist

33
Q

What medication is used for treatment of hypertension, safe to use in pregnancy, but can cause Coombs + hemolytic anemia?

A

Alpha-methyl dopa = alpha 2 agonist

34
Q

What alpha 2 medication is used for depression, but SE include: increased appetite, increased serum cholesterol, increased sedation (due to incr. GABA)?

A

Mirtazapine

35
Q

Beta 1 receptor does 5 things:

A
  1. Increases Heart Rate
  2. Increases Contractility
  3. Promotes Glucagon release
  4. Increases Renin release
  5. Increases Lipolysis
36
Q

Beta 2 Receptor does 5 things:

A
  1. Increase contractility
  2. Vasodilation- decreases: TPR, diastolic pressure, and afterload.
  3. Relaxation of the uterus
  4. Bronchodilation
  5. Increases insulin release
37
Q

This medication is an agonist used to treat CHF:

A

Dobutamine (B1>B2)

38
Q

What agonist medication is used for the treatment of bronchospasm, heart block and bradyarrhythmias? SE include flushing, angina, arrhythmias.

A

Isoproterenol (B1=B2)

39
Q

What medication is used for asthma, and it has a short half life?

A

Albuterol (Beta 2 agonist)

40
Q

What medication is used for asthma with a short half life, and premature labor treatment?

A

Terbutaline (Beta 2 agonist)

41
Q

What medication is used for premature labor treatment, causing uterine relaxation?

A

Ritodrine (Beta 2 agonist)

42
Q

What medication is used for the long term treatment of asthma?

A

Salmeterol (Beta 2 agonist)

43
Q

What medication is used in a TH storm- prevents peripheral conversion of T4-T3? It has a long half-life.

A

Propanolol - beta receptor antagonists (beta blocker)

44
Q

What beta blocker medication has a short half life?

A

Esmolol

45
Q

What medications have intrinsic sympathetic action/are partial beta agonists (partial stimulation and block of beta receptors) (3 of them)? They are safe to give to Px with COPD, diabetes, and asthma…

A

Acebutolol, Atenolol, Pindolol

46
Q

What beta blocker medications have alpha 1 antagonistic activity, used in HTN emergency (2)?

A

Labetalol and Carvedilol

47
Q

What antagonists are used in liver failure; decrease variceal bleeding?

A

Nadalol- beta receptor antagonist

48
Q

What antagonists are used to treat open angle glaucoma- decreases secretion of aqueous humor?

A

Timolol/ Butexalol

49
Q

What antagonists are used to decrease post MI mortality?

A

Carvedilol & Metoprolol

50
Q

What antagonist also causes partial K+ channel activity, and will increase the QT interval? SE include arrhythmias

A

Sotolol

51
Q

What medication is given for anticholinesterase/organophosphate poisoning? It’s also the opposite medication of physostigmine.

A

Atropine

And atropine is given with pralidoxine to help regenerate active ACh-E.

52
Q

Anti-ACh-Esterases - What lipid soluble medications (2) is used to treat Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Tacrine
and
Donepezil- DONT-epezil bc they don’t remember anything.

Pharmacology (9 decks)

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