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Pharmacology > Immunology And Cancer > Flashcards

Immunology And Cancer Flashcards

0
Q

AKA FK-506. Inhibits secretion of IL-2. Side effects include Nephrotoxicity, peripheral neuropathy, pleural effusion, hyperglycemia, and hypertension. What is the name of this drug?

A

Tacrolimus

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1
Q

This drug inhibits calcineurin which prevents production of IL-2 and its receptor. It also binds to cyclophilins.

A

Cyclosporine

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2
Q

This drug is AKA Rapamycin. It recognizes and sees IL-2. It limits T-Cell proliferation. Side effects include hyperlipidemia, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia.

A

Sirolimus
**Pay close attention that this drug causes hyperlipidemia because it doesn’t follow the same pattern as the other 2 side effects.

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3
Q

This drug acts as an antibody against IL-2 receptor. Clinical use of this drug is for Px that underwent a kidney transplant. What is the name of this drug?

A

Daclizumab

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4
Q

This drug is the Antimetabolite precursor of 6-mercaptopurine that interferes with metabolism and synthesis of nucleic acids. Clinical use includes kidney transplants, autoimmune disorders (glomerulonephritis & hemolytic anemia). SE: Bone marrow suppression, active metabolite-mercaptopurine is metabolized by Xanthine oxidase, and toxic effects are increased on Allopurinol. What is the name of this drug?

A

Azathioprine

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5
Q

Monoclonal AB that binds to CD3 (epsilon chain) on the surface of T-Cells –> Blocks T-Cell transduction. Clinical use: immunosupression after kidney transplantation. SE: cytokine release syndrome, and hypersensitivity.

A

Muromonab

Like: moron, 3 stooges, for CD3.

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6
Q

Target: erb-B2:protoonco gene loc on ch17.
Clinical use: Her-2 over expressing breast cancer.
What is the name of this drug?

A

Trastuzumab/Herceptin

Don’t trust-her!

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7
Q

Target CD20. Clinical use: B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Name this drug:

A

Rituximab

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8
Q

Target is TNF-alpha (aka-cachexia). Clinical use: Crohn’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis. Name the drug:

A

Infliximab

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9
Q

Target: TNF-alpha. Clinical use: Crohn’s disease, rheumatic arthritis, psoriatic arthritis. Name the 2 drugs that do the same thing:

A

Adalimumab and Etanercept

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10
Q

Target: Digoxin or digoxin poisoning. It inhibits Na/K ATPase. This medication causes yellow vision and blurring. It incr. ST, decr. QT interval, and creates a T-wave inversion.

A

Digoxin immune fab.

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11
Q

Target: Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa. Clinical use: prevents cardiac ischemia in unstable angina, percutaneous coronary intervention patients, current myocardial infarction patients.

A

Abciximab

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12
Q

Target: IgE

Clinical use: treatment option for severe asthma.

A

Omalizumab

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13
Q

Target: Inosine mono phosphate dehydrogenase. Prevents production of the Nucleoside guanine. Leads to rapid arrest of B/T cell production.
Clinical use: transplants, Lupus glomerulonephritis

A

Mycophenolate

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14
Q

Target: TNF-alpha. Clinical use: immunosuppression: SLE, organ transplants, anti-angiogenic. Do NOT give while pregnant. SE include: Phocomelia (fetal development problems)- underdeveloped/malformed limbs and bones. Encephalocele, hydrocephalus, heart and kidney malformations, short stature, and bicornate uterus.

A

Thalidomide

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15
Q

This drug is an interleukin-2 recombinant cytokine. Clinical use: renal cell carcinoma, metastatic melanoma.

A

Aldesleukin

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16
Q

Clinical use: Anemias- in renal failure, especially due to EPO not being produced.
Epoetin recombinant cytokine

A

Erythropoietin

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17
Q

Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Recombinant Cytokine. IL-3. Clinical use: aid bone marrow recovery. Name this drug:

A

Filgrastim

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18
Q

Granulocyte- Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor Recombinant Cytokine. IL-3. Clinical use: aid bone marrow recovery.

A

Sargramostim

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19
Q

Recombinant cytokine. Clinical use for hepatitis B&C, Kaposi’s Sarcoma, Leukemias, malignant melanoma.

A

Alpha-interferon

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20
Q

Recombinant cytokine- Clinical use: multiple sclerosis.

A

Beta-interferon

***very important cytokine

21
Q

Recombinant cytokine- Clinical use: Chronic Granulomatous Disease. Aids phagocytosis.
CDG: X-linked recessive inheritance–> lack of NADPH oxidase.

A

Gamma-interferon

22
Q

Recombinant cytokine for IL-11. Clinical use: Thrombocytopenia. Name the drug:

A

Oprelvekin

23
Q

Recombinant cytokine- Clinical use: thrombocytopenia

A

Thrombopoietin

24
Q

What type of drugs are used for fast growing cancers, or cancers that have “acute” in them…? Also, what phase do they work in?

A

Anti-metabolites - work in the S phase!

25
Q

Anti-metabolites: Decreases de novo protein synthesis, activated by HGPRTase, promotes gout because it’s metabolized by Xanthine Oxidase. Acts on a cell’s S phase.
**can not give with allopurinol bec. they counteract each other.

A

6-Mercaptopurine

6-Mercap-TOE-purine.

26
Q

Anti-metabolites: Decreases de novo protein synthesis, activated by HGPRTase, promotes gout because it’s metabolized by Xanthine Oxidase. Acts on a cell’s S phase.
**can be given with allopurinol to reduce uric acid.

A

6-Thioguanine

27
Q

Anti-metabolites: This drug inhibits Thymidine synthase. Rx: Colon cancer. Name the drug:

A

5-Flourouracil –> aka: 5-FU

28
Q

What kind of drugs are used for slow-growing cancers?

A

Alkylating agents.

29
Q

Anti-metabolites: This drug inhibits Dihydrofolate Reductase. It is also used in molar pregnancies and rheumatoid arthritis. It’s rescue drug replenishes Folate in the form of Folinic Acid, which is recognized by the body but not the cancer. Name the drug and rescue.

A

Drug: Methotrexate

Rescue drug: Leucovorin

30
Q

Anti-metabolites: This drug is a pyrimidine analog - thus it promotes inhibition of DNA polymerase.

A

ara-C/Cytarabine

32
Q

Alkylating Agents: MOA- alkylates DNA. SE include pulmonary fibrosis. Works in the Go phase.

A

Busulfan (and bleomycin)

—> antitumor antibodies

33
Q

Alkylating Agents: inhibits ribonucleotide reductase. Can raise HbF in sickle cell patients. Works in the Go phase.

A

Hydroxyurea

34
Q

Alkylating Agents: this drug is used in the treatment of multiple myeloma. Works in the Go phase.

A

Melphalan

35
Q

Alkylating Agents: these drugs can cause free radical formation leading to DNA breaks. SE: pulmonary fibrosis. Works in the Go phase.

A

Bleomycin–> B drugs mess with breathing!!

—> antitumor antibodies

36
Q

Alkylating Agents: MOA- DNA Cross-linking can cause Nephrotoxicity and Ototoxicity. Works in the Go phase. What is this drug, and it’s rescue?

A

Drug: Cisplatin
Rescue: Amifostine

37
Q

Alkylating Agents: This drug is a prodrug that requires activation in the liver. Covalently X-link DNA @Guanine N-7. Can cause hemorrhagic cystitis/penetrate the bladder. Works in the Go phase. What drug is at hand, and what is it’s rescue?

A

Drug: Cyclophosphamide

Rescue: MESNA

38
Q

Alkylating Agents: Used for tumors in the brain. MOA: requires bio activation. SE: pulmonary fibrosis. Works in the Go phase.

A

Nitrosureas

39
Q

Alkylating Agents: MC alkylating agent. Works in the Go phase.

A

Chlorambucil

40
Q

Microtubule Inhibitors: blocks polymerization, therefore mitotic spindle can’t form. SE: blasts bone marrow–> Bone marrow suppression

A

Vinblastine

41
Q

Microtubule Inhibitors: Blocks polymerization so mitotic spindle fibers can’t form. SE: Neurotoxicity (areflexia, peripheral neuritis), Paralytic ileus.

A

Vincristine

42
Q

Microtubule Inhibitors: Hyperstabilizes polymerized microtubules in M-phase so that mitotic spindle can not break down (anaphase cannot occur).

A

Paclitaxel

Don’t pull spindles apart! Vs vinblastine and vincristine

43
Q

SERMS-MOA: receptor antagonist in Breast, but receptor agonist in Bone. This drug has no increased risk.

A

Raloxifene

44
Q

SERMS-MOA: receptor antagonist in Breast, but receptor agonist in Bone. SE include: increased risk of endometrial carcinoma and “hot flashes.”

A

Tamoxifen

46
Q

Antitumor Antibiotics: anti-tumor antibody: MOA: Free radical formation –> which causes breaks in DNA. Can cause dilated cardiomyopathy/cardiac fibrosis. Name the drug and its rescue:

A

Drug: Adriamycin

Rescue: Dexrazoxane

47
Q

It is a recombinant form of human tissue plasminogen activator:

A

Reteplase

48
Q

25 year old woman had severe abdominal pain w/menses for the past 2 years. Lab examination of pelvic cavity reveals endometriosis. What drug would be effective?

A

Danazol

49
Q

MOA: Inhibits Dihydrofolate reductase and is used in molar pregnancies? Name the drug and other pathology it’s used to treat:

A

Methotrexate- also used to treat Rheumatoid Arthritis

50
Q

What is the rescue drug for methotrexate? What is the MOA?

A

Leucovorin - used to as a rescue: replenishes Folate in the form of Folinic Acid, which is recognized by the body but not the cancer!

51
Q

What is the MOA of Cytarabine?

A

Inhibition of DNA polymerase

52
Q

What 2 medications work in the G2 phase?

A

Bleomycin (G2) and Etoposide (G2 and S phase)

Pharmacology (9 decks)

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