Neuro

Question 1

MOA: Blocks thalamic T-type Ca2+ channels. Used to treat absence seizures. SE: GI, fatigue, HA, Uticaria, SJ Sd,

Answer 1

Ethosuximide

Question 2

MOA: Increases GABA action, by increasing the frequency of the Cl- channel opening. Used to treat status epilepticus. SE: Sedation, tolerance, dependence, respiratory depression. Decreased effects with FLUMAZENIL.

Answer 2

Benzodiazepines

Question 3

MOA: Increased Na+ channel inactivation; zero order kinetics. Used to treat simple, complex, tonic-clonic, and status epilepticus. SE: Nystagmus, diplopia, ataxia, sedation, gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism, peripheral neuropathy, megaloblastic anemia, SLE-like symptoms, SJ Sd, Osteopenia, and lymphadenopathy.

Answer 3

Phenytoin

Question 4

MOA: Increases Na+ channel inactivation. Used to treat Simple, complex, and tonic-clonic seizures. First line for trigeminal neuralgia. SE: Diplopia, ataxia, agranulocytosis, SIADH, SJ SD.

Answer 4

Carbamazepine

Question 5

Increases Na+ channel inactivation, increases GABA concentration by inhibiting GABA transaminase. Used to treat: Simple, complex, tonic-clonic, and absence seizures. SE: GI distress, hepatotoxicity, neural tube defects (spina bifida), tremor, weight gain, contraindicated in pregnancy. ***Also used for bipolar disorder.

Answer 5

Valproic Acid

Question 6

MOA: Primarily inhibits high-voltage-activated Ca2+ channels; designated as GABA analog. Used to treat simple and complex seizures. SE: Sedation and ataxia. Also used for neuropathy and post herpetic neuralgia.

Answer 6

Gabapentin

Question 7

MOA: Increases the action of GABA. Used for the treatment of simple, complex, and tonic-clonic seizures. SE: Sedation, tolerance, dependence, induction of cytochrome P-450, cardiorespiratory depression. First line in neonates.

Answer 7

Phenobarbital

Question 8

MOA: Blocks NA+ channels and increases GABA action. Used to treat simple, complex, and tonic-clonic seizures. SE: Sedation, mental dulling, kidney stone formation, and weight loss. Also used fo migraine prevention.

Answer 8

Topiramate

Question 9

MOA: Blocks voltage-gated-Na+ channels. Used to treat simple, complex, tonic-clonic, absence, seizures. SE: Stevens-Johnson Sd. (Must be titration slowly).

Answer 9

Lamotrigine

Question 10

MOA: Unknown; maymodulate GABA and glutamate release. Used to treat simple, complex, and tonic-clonic seizures. SE: SJ Sd

Answer 10

Levetiracetam

Question 11

MOA: Increases GABA by inhibiting reuptake. Used to treat simple and complex seizures.

Answer 11

Tiagabine

Question 12

MOA: Increase GABA by irreversibly inhibiting GABA transaminase. Used for the treatment of simple and complex seizures.

Answer 12

Vigabatrin

Question 13

MOA: Act via the BZI subtype of the GABA receptor. Effects reversed by flumazenil. SE: Ataxia, HA, confusion.

Answer 13

Nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics.

Question 14

MOA: Facilitate GABA action y increasing the duration of Cl- channel opening, thus decreasing neuron firing. Contraindicated in porphyria. SE: Sedative, respiratory ad cardiovascular depression (can be fatal) and CNS depression can be exacerbated with EtOH use.

Answer 14

Barbiturates

Question 15

MOA: Potentiates GABA and is used for sedation in the ICU, rapid anesthesia induction, and short procedures.

Answer 15

Propofol