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1. 4th year > ophthlamology presentations > Flashcards

ophthlamology presentations Flashcards

1
Q

sudden onset severely painful red eye (unilateral)
reduced visual acuity - like looking through a frosted glass/blurred vision
haloes
worse in dark room
headache
nausea
vomiting

A

acute open angle glaucoma

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2
Q

corneal abrasion

A 
intense pain 
lacrimation
photophobia 
sensation of foreign body
hx trauma
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3
Q

posterior blepharitis

A

itchy sore gritty eye
burning sensation
red eye
redness in deep surface of eye

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4
Q 
usually asymptomatic finding at optician
increased IOP
visual field defects
optic disc cupping
loss of peripheral vision
A

primary open angle glaucoma

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5
Q

sticky eyes within 10 days of life

A

chlamydia / gonorrohoea

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6
Q

sudden painless loss of vision of variable degrees unilateral
metamorphosia
severe retinal haemorrhages - stormy sunset

A

CRVO

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7
Q

visual field defect:

incongruent homonymous hemianopia

A

optic tract

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8
Q

itchy sore gritty eye
burning sensation
red eye
redness in deep surface of eye

A

posterior blepharitis

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9
Q

distinguishing features of allergic conjunctivitis

A

itch is the predominant feature
associated with atopy
redness and swelling
swollen papillae with cobblestone appearance of conjunctiva

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10
Q

sticky eyes from 2 months of life

A

naso-lacrimal duct blockage

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11
Q

dry ARMD

A

bilateral loss of central vision
painless
reduced visual acuity for near objects
worse at night

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12
Q

CRAO

A 
sudden
painless 
unilateral profound vision loss
RAPD
cherry red spot on macula 
pale oedematous retina with thread like vessels
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13
Q

eyes look up and out

A

CN4 palsy - congenital

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14
Q

anterior uveitis

A 
acute onset red eye 
severe pain, increases with use
photophobia
lacrimation
reduced/blurred vision
dull ache worse on reading 
irregular shaped pupil
ciliary flush
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15
Q

retinal detachment

A 
myopes 
sudden painless vision loss 
flashes/floaters
curtain or shadow progressing to the centre of the visual field from the periphery (>5 mins)
RAPD - if optic nerve involved
loss of red reflex
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16
Q

conjunctivitis

A 
peripheral red eye 
grittiness 
discharge 
sensation of foreign body 
no vision change 
\+/- itch
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17
Q

increased IOP
visual field defects
optic disc cupping

A

glaucoma

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18
Q

CN 4 palsy

A

eyes look up and out

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19
Q

reduced visual acuity for near objects

worse at night

A

ARMD

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20
Q 
acute onset red eye 
severe pain, increases with use
photophobia
lacrimation
reduced/blurred vision
dull ache worse on reading 
irregular shaped pupil
ciliary flush
A

anterior uveitis

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21
Q

what is the visual field defect in optic radiation pathology

A

incongruent quadrantanopia

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22
Q

visual field defect

incongruent quadrantanopia

A

optic radiation

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23
Q

peripheral corneal ulcer

A

autoimmune

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24
Q

o/e
hazy cornea
tense hard red eye
fixed mid dilated pupil

A

acute open angle glaucoma

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25
Q

anterior blepharitis

A

itchy sore gritty eye
burning sensation
red eye
redness of lid margin

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26
Q

endophthalmitis

A

intensely painful red eye
loss of vision
post-ocular surgery or trauma

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27
Q

painless
bright red eye
no other ocular symptoms

A

subconjunctival haemorrhage

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28
Q

what should always be considered in the presentation of a red gritty eye

A

foreign body

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29
Q

pain and swelling over inferior/medial aspect of eye with tearing crusting and fever and systemic upset

A

dacryocystitis

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30
Q

intensely painful red eye
loss of vision
post-ocular surgery or trauma

A

endopthalmitis

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31
Q

what is the visual field defect in optic nerve pathology

A

loss of whole visual field

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32
Q

CRVO

A

sudden painless loss of vision of variable degrees unilateral
metamorphosia
severe retinal haemorrhages - stormy sunset

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33
Q

fundoscopy:

severe retinal haemorrhages - stormy sunset

A

CRVO

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34
Q 
gradual vision loss 
blurring of vision
haloes at bright lights 
difficulty reading 
reduced red reflex 
loss of colour contrast
A

cataracts

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35
Q

acute angle closure glaucoma - o/e

A

hazy cornea
tense hard red eye
fixed mid dilated pupil

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36
Q

CN3 palsy

A

eyes down and out
with ptosis
+/- blown out pupil

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37
Q

visual field defect:

bitemporal hemianopia

A

optic chiasm

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38
Q

drusen

A

dry ARMD

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39
Q

CN 6 palsy

A

medial deviation of the eye

40
Q

ptosis + mydriasis

A

3rd nerve palsy

41
Q

distinguishing features of periorbital cellulitis compared to orbital cellulitis

A

in periorbital (preseptal) there is

  • no proptosis
  • no reduction in vision
  • no pain or limitation of eye movement
42
Q 
diffuse deep red eye 
reduced vision 
photophobia
lacrimation
severe pain 
o/e no blanching of vessels with phenylephrine
A

scleritis

43
Q

viral conjunctivitis

A

bilateral sore red eye
diffuse watery discharge
pre-auricular lymphadenopathy

44
Q

CRAO fundoscopy

A

cherry red spot on macula

pale oedematous retina with thread like vessels

45
Q

what is the visual field defect in occipital lobe pathology

A

congruent homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing

46
Q

when looking to the affected side the unaffected eye fails to adduct and the unaffected eye abducts but with nystagmus

A

internuclear ophthalmoplegia - associated with MS

47
Q

eyes down and out
with ptosis
+/- blown out pupil

A

CN3 palsy - aneurysm

48
Q

fundoscopy:
cherry red spot on macula
pale oedematous retina with thread like vessels

A

CRAO

49
Q

medial deviation of the eye

A

CN 6 palsy - raised ICP

50
Q

visual field defect:

loss of whole visual field

A

optic nerve

51
Q

painful sudden visual loss (3)

A

optic neuritis
GCA
AACG

52
Q 
typically female over 60
headache 
jaw claudication
scalp tenderness 
visual disturbances e.g. amaurosis fugax, blurring, double vision
tender palpable temporal artery
A

arteritic ischaemic optic neuropathy by GCA

53
Q

wet ARMD

A 
sudden painless loss of central vision
metamorphosia 
diminished or changed colour perception
reduced visual acuity for near objects
worse at night
54
Q

visual field defect

congruent homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing

A

occipital lobe

55
Q

sudden painless and transient vision loss “like a curtain coming down over the eye for 5 minutes”

A

Amaurosis fugax

56
Q

optic neuritis

A 
assoc. MS
unilateral vision loss over a few days 
painful eye movements 
central scotoma 
red desaturation
RAPD
57
Q

3 main features of glaucoma

A

increased IOP
visual field defects
optic disc cupping

58
Q 
sudden 
painless vision loss 
flashes/floaters/dark spots in vision or haze 
red hue 
loss of red reflex
A

vitreous haemorrhage

59
Q

scrambled egg appearance of macula

A

Best’s disease

60
Q

Amaurosis fugax

A

sudden painless and transient vision loss “like a curtain coming down over the eye for 5 minutes”

61
Q

ptosis + miosis

A

horners

62
Q

absent red reflexes in newborn

A

malignancy or cataracts

63
Q 
photophobia 
profuse lacrimation
pain (needle like)
foreign body feeling/gritty
reduced visual acuity
A

keratitis

64
Q

episcleritis

A

diffuse scleral redness
mild discomfort (not painful)
no vision changes/other symptoms
o/e blanching of blood vessels with phenylephrine

65
Q

CRVO fundoscopy

A

severe retinal haemorrhages - stormy sunset

66
Q 
sudden
painless 
unilateral profound vision loss
RAPD
cherry red spot on macula 
pale oedematous retina with thread like vessels
A

CRAO

67
Q

bacterial conjunctivitis

A

sore red eye
starts as unilateral then becomes bilateral
sticky mucopurulent discharge
eyes stuck together on wakening

68
Q

HSV keratitis

A

dendritic ulcer

69
Q

what is the visual field defect in optic tract pathology

A

incongruent homonymous hemianopia

70
Q 
peripheral red eye 
grittiness 
discharge 
sensation of foreign body 
no vision change 
\+/- itch
A

conjunctivitis

71
Q

acute open angle glaucoma

- presentation

A

sudden onset severely painful red eye (unilateral)
reduced visual acuity - like looking through a frosted glass/blurred vision
haloes
worse in dark room
headache
nausea
vomiting

72
Q

RAPD is seen in (4)

A

CRAO
retinal detachment
optic neuritis
+/- CRVO

73
Q

what is the visual field defect in optic chiasm pathology

A

bitemporal hemianopia

74
Q

cataracts

A 
gradual vision loss 
blurring of vision
haloes at bright lights 
difficulty reading 
reduced red reflex 
loss of colour contrast
75
Q

subconjunctival haemorrhage

A

painless
bright red eye
no other ocular symptoms

76
Q

miosis
ptosis
enophthalmos
anhidrosis

A

horners

77
Q

arteritic ischaemic optic neuropathy by GCA

A 
typically female over 60
headache 
jaw claudication
scalp tenderness 
visual disturbances e.g. amaurosis fugax, blurring, double vision
tender palpable temporal artery
78
Q 
assoc. MS
unilateral vision loss over a few days 
painful eye movements 
central scotoma 
red desaturation
RAPD
A

optic neuritis

79
Q

scleritis

A 
diffuse deep red eye 
reduced vision 
photophobia
lacrimation
severe pain 
o/e no blanching of vessels with phenylephrine
80
Q

diffuse scleral redness
mild discomfort (not painful)
no vision changes/other symptoms
o/e blanching of blood vessels with phenylephrine

A

episcleritis

81
Q

orbital cellulitis

A 
acute 
unilateral 
swollen red eye lid 
difficulty opening the eye 
severely painful
proptosis 
reduced vision 
reduced eye movements/ophthalmoplegia/pain moving eye 
fever/malaise
82
Q

dendritic ulcer

A

HSV keratitis

83
Q

itchy sore gritty eye
burning sensation
red eye
redness of lid margin

A

anterior blepharitis

84
Q 
sudden painless loss of central vision
metamorphosia 
diminished or changed colour perception
reduced visual acuity for near objects
worse at night
A

wet ARMD

85
Q 
myopes 
sudden painless vision loss 
flashes/floaters
curtain or shadow progressing to the centre of the visual field from the periphery (>5 mins)
RAPD - if optic nerve involved
loss of red reflex
A

retinal detachment

86
Q

primary open angle glaucoma

A 
usually asymptomatic finding at optician
increased IOP
visual field defects
optic disc cupping
loss of peripheral vision
87
Q

bilateral loss of central vision
painless
reduced visual acuity for near objects
worse at night

A

dry ARMD

88
Q

sore red eye
starts as unilateral then becomes bilateral
sticky mucopurulent discharge
eyes stuck together on wakening

A

bacterial conjunctivitis

89
Q

horners

A

miosis
ptosis
enophthalmos
anhidrosis

90
Q

keratitis

A 
photophobia 
profuse lacrimation
pain (needle like)
foreign body feeling/gritty
reduced visual acuity
91
Q

internuclear ophthalmoplegia

A

when looking to the affected side the unaffected eye fails to adduct and the unaffected eye abducts but with nystagmus

92
Q

dacryocystitis

A

pain and swelling over inferior/medial aspect of eye with tearing crusting and fever and systemic upset

93
Q 
acute 
unilateral 
swollen red eye lid 
difficulty opening the eye 
severely painful
proptosis 
reduced vision 
reduced eye movements/ophthalmoplegia/pain moving eye 
fever/malaise
A

orbital cellulitis

94
Q

bilateral sore red eye
diffuse watery discharge
pre-auricular lymphadenopathy

A

viral conjunctivitis

95
Q

vitreous haemorrhage

A 
sudden 
painless vision loss 
flashes/floaters/dark spots in vision or haze 
red hue 
loss of red reflex

1. 4th year (23 decks)

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