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1. 4th year > ophthalmology treatments > Flashcards

ophthalmology treatments Flashcards

1
Q

blepharitis (3)

A

hot compresses twice daily
lid hygeine - removal of debris
artificial tears

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2
Q

bacterial conjunctivitis

A

chloramphenicol drops 2-3 hourly or ointment QDS

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3
Q

bacterial conjunctivitis in pregnant women or staph infection

A

fusidic acid BD

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4
Q

bacterial conjunctivitis pseudomonas

A

gentamicin

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5
Q

bacterial conjunctivitis chlamydia

A

oxytetracycline

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6
Q

1st line treatment allergic conjunctivitis

A

topical/oral antihistamine

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7
Q

2nd line treatment allergic conjunctivitis

A

topical mast cell stabiliser - sodium cromoglicate and nedocromil

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8
Q

tx baby with purulent eye discharge

A

urgent swab samples using methods to identify CT and NG

start systemic tx for gonococcal infection

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9
Q

bacterial keratitis

A

topical ofloxacin or gentamicin

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10
Q

viral keratitis

A

topical aciclovir

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11
Q

autoimmune keratitis

A

topical steroids - RULE OUT OTHER CAUSE FIRST

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12
Q

pain relief in keratitis

A

cycloplegic e.g. cyclopentolate

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13
Q

herpes zoster ophthalmicus

A

oral antiviral 10 days

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14
Q

anterior uveitis

A

topical/oral steroid + topical cycloplegic e.g. atropine, cyclopentolate

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15
Q

differentiating scleritis and episcleritis

A

phenylephrine

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16
Q

scleritis tx

A

oral steroids and NSAID

investigate for underlying cause

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17
Q

endopthalmitis

A

intravitreal antibiotics - amikacin, vancomycin

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18
Q

1st line dacrocystitis

A

chloramphenicol

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19
Q

2nd line dacrocystitis

A

oral antibiotics

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20
Q

ix for orbital cellutitis

A

CT with contrast - but dont wait for this to start abx

FBC
blood culture

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21
Q

tx orbital cellulitis

A

IV ceftriaxone, flucloxicillin, metronidazole 10-14 days

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22
Q

tx periorbital cellulitis

A

co-amoxiclav 7-10 days

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23
Q

investigation if periorbital cellulitis but suspicious or orbital cellulitis

A

contrast CT

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24
Q

CRAO

A

if < 24 hours

  • ocular massage
  • IV acetazolamide
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25
Q

amaurosis fugax

A

aspirin 300mg

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26
Q

secondary prevention after amaurosis fugax

A

clopidogrel

2nd line aspirin and dypyridamole

27
Q

GCA ix

A

ESR and temporal artery biopsy

28
Q

GCA tx no visual loss

A

60mg prenisolone oral if no visual loss

29
Q

GCA with visual loss

A

IV methylprednisolone

30
Q

ix to identify neovascularisation

A

fluorescein angiography

31
Q

ix suspected retinal detachment

A

slit lamp and ophthalmoscope within 24 hours

32
Q

investigation for MS with optic neuritis

A

MRI with contrast

33
Q

tx optic neuritis

A

high dose steroid

34
Q

1st line ix in ARMD

A

slit lamp microscopy

35
Q

tx DARMD

A

visual aids, zinc and anti-oxidant

36
Q

ix if suspect wet ARMD

A

fluorescein angiography

37
Q

tx wet ARMD

A

anti - VEGF
ranibizumba, bevacizumab, pegaptanib
4 weekly injection

38
Q

when should anti-VEGF be initiated in wet ARMD

A

within 2 months

39
Q

cataract

A

phacoemulsification

40
Q

ix glaucoma IOP

A

applanation tomography

41
Q

ix glaucoma visual field defects

A

perimetrry

42
Q

ix glaucoma optic disc cupping

A

fundoscopy

43
Q

glaucoma drugs: mechanism of action: latanoprost

A

prostaglandin analgoue - increase drainage of AH by increasing uveoscleral outflow

44
Q

glaucoma drugs: mechanism of action: timolol

A

reduce production of AH

45
Q

glaucoma drugs: mechanism of action: brominidine, apraclonidine

A

sympathomimetic a-adrenergic agonists

reduce production of AH and increase outflow

46
Q

glaucoma drugs: mechanism of action: dorzolamide, acetazolamide

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors - reduce production of AH

47
Q

glaucoma drugs: mechanism of action: pilocarpine

A

muscarinic receptor agonist - parasympathomimetic - constricts the pupil and pulls lens away from meshwork which reduces resistant to outflow

48
Q

SE - glaucoma drugs: latanoprost

A

change colour of iris

increased lash length

49
Q

SE - glaucoma drugs: timolol

A

dry eyes, systemic absorption, bradycardia

50
Q

when is timolol contraindicated in glaucoma

A

asthma/COPD

heart block

51
Q

SE - glaucoma drugs: brominidine

A

dry mouth
lethargy
hyperaemia

52
Q

SE - glaucoma drugs: Acetazolomide

A

peri-oral tingling
parasthesia
renal stones
metabolic acidosis

53
Q

SE - glaucoma drugs: pilocarpine

A

miosis
dimming of vision
brow pain in first few weeks
poor vision in low light

54
Q

1st line chronic open angle glaucoma

A

topical latanoprost

55
Q

2nd line chronic open angle glaucoma

A

topical timolol
or topical dozolamide
or topical brimonidine

56
Q

definitive treatment chronic open angle glaucoma

A

trabeculectomy

57
Q

tx acute closed angle glaucoma 1st line

A

IV acetazolamide

58
Q

tx acute closed angle glaucoma - add ons to IV acetazolamide

A

+/- timolol
+/- apraclonidine
+/- pilocarpine
(all topical)

59
Q

drug tx acute closed angle glaucoma if all others fail

60
Q

surgical treatment acute closed angle glaucoma - definitive but after drug treatment

A

laser peripheral iridotomy

61
Q

tx diabetic retinopathy

A

pan retinal photocoagulation

tighter glycaemic control

62
Q

ix squints

A

cover test

63
Q

tx ambylopia

A

cover good eye

1. 4th year (23 decks)

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