Gastroenteritis Flashcards
most common cause travellers diarrhoea
E coli
ix for norovirus and rotavirus
stool/vomit PCR
ix for parasitic infection
stool microscopy +/- duodenal aspiration
ix for c diff
stool PCR for toxin
ix for bacterial gastroenteritis
C+S
norovirus presentation
adults - diarrhoea
kids - vomiting
hospital measures if norovirus
side room
infection control measures - droplet, person to person
cohort nursing
most common cause of diarrhoea in kids < 3
rota virus
who gets rotavirus
children < 5 and immunocompromised
when to consider parasitic infection
> 7 days
chronic diarrhoea in HIV
cryptosporidium
ix for cryptosporidium
culture and duodenal aspirate
tx cryptosporidium
rifamixin or nirazoxanide
foul smelling explosive diarrhoea
malaborption
hx of travelling
giardiasis
investigation for giardiasis
stool microscopy
tx giardiasis
Tinidazole, Albendazole, Mebendazole or Metronidazole
bloody diarrhoea +/- liver abscess
may last for several weeks
amoebiasis
tx amoebiasis
metronidazole
incubation of 1-6 hours
staph aureus and bascilus cerus
presentation of salmonella enteritis
12-48 hours
N+V and bloody diarrhoea
presentation of salmonella typhi
enteric fever - 12-48 hours macular rash on chest and fever/rigors tropical regions rose spots 'pea soup' diarrhoea
ix of salmonella typhi/enteric fever
blood cultures
blood diarrhoea in E coli
HUS
presentation of campylobacter
2-5 days incubation
pain + diarrhoea +/- blood
flu like prodrome
tx of severe campylobacter
clarithromycin
campylobacter is associated with what neuological presentation
gullian barre
reactive arthritis
fever pain diarrhoea +/- blood
painful bowel movements
shigella
campylobacter?
rice water stools / profuse watery diarrhoea
associated with foreign travel e.g. india
cholera
what should you NOT give in Ecoli 0157 as they can precipitate HUS
antibiotics, nsaids, anti-motility agents
haemolysis in HUS
intravascular
what investigation do all patients with gastroenteritis and blood in stool get
stool culture
presentation of HUS
abdo pain fever pallot oliguria petechiae
name 2 notifiable gastroenteritis diseases
salmonella
ecoli 0157
5 drugs associated with increased risk of Cdiff
PPI clindamycin co-amoxiclav cephalosporins - ceftriaxone quinoloes - ciprofloxacin
presentation of c diff
high quantity of bloody foul smelling diarrhoea
what would be seen on sigmoidoscopy of c diff
pseudomembranous colitis
1st line treatment C diff
oral vanc 10 days
2nd line treatment C diff
oral fidaxomicin
3rd line treatment C diff or lifethreatening
oral vanc + IV met
treatment C diff recurrent
fidaxomicin
if after 12 weeks of symptom resolution - oral vanc or fidaxomicin
empirical treatment of intra-abdominal sepsis
IV amox met and gent
IV vanc met and gent if PS
step down treatment of intra-abdominal sepsis
co-trim + met
