Ophthalmology Flashcards
Who should be screened for glaucoma?
Those with a positive family history should be screened annually from aged 40 years
What is the presentation of vitreous haemorrhage?
Painless vision loss or haze
Red hue in the vision
Floaters or shadows/dark spots
Treatment of vitreous haemorrhage?
Can spontaneously resolve, but if large may need surgery – photocoagulation
Causes of vitreous haemorrhage?
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Posterior vitreous detachment
Ocular trauma (most © cause in children)
What is the treatment of anterior uveitis?
Needs an urgent ophthalmology review
Symptom relief: Systemic analgesics + dark glasses for photophobia
Infectious causes – Tx with antiviral or antimicrobial agents
Non-infectious causes – corticosteroids
Mydriatic (dilating)/cycloplegic agents – can be used to relieve pain and prevent adhesion
Immunosuppressants may be recommended if not responding to above
Causes of Horners syndrome and Ix to distinguish?
Central – stroke, MS
Pre-ganglionic – Pancoast tumour (apex of the lung)
Post-ganglionic – carotid artery dissection (sympathetic nerve plexus formed around the carotid artery)
A normal pupil is dilated by cocaine and hydroxyamphetamine
In Horner’s, 4% cocaine eyedrops fail to dilate the pupil
In pre-ganglionic lesions, hydroxyamphetamines cause dilation
In post-ganglionic lesions, adrenaline causes dilation
What do you see on fundoscopy in papilloedema?
Optic disc swelling - blurring of the optic disc margins
How to treat retinal detachment?
Laser photocoagulation therapy
Difference between episcleritis and scleritis?
See notes
Presentation of acute glaucoma?
- Acute loss of vision/blurred (classically with haloes around lights)
- Severe periocular pain
- Nausea + vomiting
How to treat AI anterior uveitis?
Steroid eye drops + mydriatic eye drops
Features of anterior uveitis?
- Eye redness
- Unilateral
- Pain/photophobia
- Poorly reactive pupil
- No itching
