Cardiology Flashcards
What are the SE of ACEi?
Renal dysfunction + dry cough (d/t kinin production)
What are the RFs of PE?
Long-haul flight, surgery, immobility, OCP, malignancy, pregnancy, previous PE
ECG signs of a PE?
Tachycardia, RBBB, S1Q3T3
How do you treat a PE?
LMW heparin (until INR >2), then Warfarin (for a minimum of 3 months - aim INR 2-3)
What is cor pulmonale?
right heart failure caused by chronic pulm arterial hypertension
Symptoms of cor pulmonate?
Dyspnoea, syncope, fatigue
ECG changes in ACS?
ST elevation or new LBBB
Tall T waves
Hrs->days - inverted T waves + pathological Q waves
What type of arrhythmia is AF?
Supraventricular tachycardia
How to rate limit AF?
B-blockers, calcium channel blockers, then digoxin
How to treat haemodynamically unstable AF patient?
- Emergency cardioversion
- Verapamil/bisoprolol
- Digoxin/amiodarone
- Start full anticoagulation with LMWH (even if 48h time limit exceeded)
How to treat bradycardia <40bpm?
Atropine x2
Transcutaneous pacing
Isoprenaline infusion
What causes heart block?
1st: acute illness, MI, e- imbalances
2nd: CAD, digitalis toxicity, e- imbalance
3rd:
What are signs of end-organ damage in hypertension?
Eyes: Retinopathy
Cardiac: LVH
Kidney: Proteinuria
Neuro: Headache, Nausea, Vomiting
What are the RFs for infective endocarditis?
Rheumatic valve disease
Congenital heart defects
IVDU
Prosthetic valves
How do you treat IE?
Blindly:
Own valve - Amoxicillin
Prosthetic - Vancomycin + Rifampicin + Gentamycin
If staph aureus:
Own valve - Flucloxacillin
Prosthetic - Flucloxacillin + Rifampicin + Gentamycin
