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Phase 4 > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

What are the complications of Cushing’s Syndrome?

A

HTN, DM, osteoporosis

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2
Q

What condition can occur with excessively high thyroid levels?

A

Myxoedema Coma

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3
Q

What states/conditions can you not rely on an acute HbA1C measure?

A

Pregnancy
Children
Haemoglobinopathies

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4
Q

What are the side effects of insulin?

A

Hypoglycaemia
Weight gain
Lipodystrophy

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5
Q

What are the complications of DKA?

A

Gastric stasis
Thromboemolism
Arrhythmias
Cerebral oedema

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6
Q

How do you treat the pain of diabetic neuropathy?

A

Paracetamol -> amitriptyline -> gabapentil -> opioids (tramadol)

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7
Q

How to Tx Conn’s?

A

Adrenalectomy

Spironolactone

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8
Q

What are the primary and secondary causes of Conn’s?

A

1* - adrenal adenoma, bilateral adrenal hyperplasia, familial
2* - renal artery stenosis/obstruction, HF

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9
Q

What are the nephrogenic causes of DI?

A 
Drugs (lithium)
Genetics
DM
CKD
Electrolyte abnormalities
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10
Q

What are the cranial causes of DI?

A

Idiopathic
Tumours
Trauma
Infections - TB, meningitis

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11
Q

What is the ideal blood pressure in a diabetic patient?

A

<130/80

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12
Q

What are the differentials for hyperthyroidism?

A

Graves
Toxic multinodular goitre
Toxic adenoma
Drugs

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13
Q

How to treat acute thyroid eye disease?

A

Smoking cessation, IV methyprednisolone, surgical decompression

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14
Q

What is the treatment of acromegaly?

A

Dopamine agonists (cabergoline, bromocriptine), somatostatin analogues (octreotide), GH receptor antagonists (pegvisomant)

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15
Q

What might you give pre-op to a cushings patient?

A

Ketoconazole

Metyrapone

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16
Q

What are the symptoms of hyperkalaemia?

A 
Nausea
Weakness
Palpitations
Chest pain
Light-headed
17
Q

Name common causes of hyperkalaemia

A

Renal failure
K+ sparing diuretics
Burns
Addison’s

18
Q

What three criteria are required for SIADH?

A

Concentrated urine
Hyponatraemia
Low osmolality of plasma

19
Q

What symptoms + signs are not present in SIADH?

A

Hypovolaemia
Oedema
Use of diuretics

20
Q

How to treat diabetes insipidus in an emergency?

A

Check U+Es and monitor urine output
IVI
Lower Na+ if hypernatraemic SLOWLY
Desmopressin

21
Q

What is sick euthyroid syndrome?

A

Occurs in systemic illness, changes are reversible

Causes low T3/T4

22
Q

What is subacute thyroiditis?

A

Occurs following viral infection
Typically with hyperthyroidism
Painful goitre
Usually self-limiting

Phase 4 (13 decks)

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