Ophthalmology Flashcards
Which of these factors does NOT increase the risk of Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma (AACG)?
- Hypermetropia
- Pupillary dilatation
- Age related lens growth
- Pupillary constriction
Pupillary constriction
Which of the following is most appropriate to treat Herpes Simplex (Dendritic) Keratitis?
- Topical Chloramphenicol
- Topical steriods
- Topical Aciclovir
- Oral NSAIDs
Topical Aciclovir
A patient with a past medical history of Granulomatosis with Polyangitis presents with an acutely red painful eye. They are experiencing pain on moving the eye, and have a headache. They are currently avoiding being in bright light. On examination there is generalised redness and inflammation of the sclera. What is the most likely diagnosis?
- Acute angle closure glaucoma
- Episcleritis
- Scleritis
- Bacterial keratitis
Scleritis
What is the most appropriate way to manage Blepharitis?
- Hot compress and cotton bud with baby shampoo
- Anti histamine drops
- Topical Chloramphenicol
- Topical steroids
- Hot compress and cotton bud with baby shampoo
What is the most appropriate way to manage episcleritis?
- Urgent ophthalmology referal and corneal scrape
- Topical/ Systemic NSAIDs and artificial tears
- Oral steroids
- Topical/ Systemic NSAIDs and artificial tears
Which of these treatments should NOT be used for patients with Anteroir Uveitis?
- Topical Cyclopentolate drops
- Topical steroid drops
- Topical Pilocarpine
Topical Pilocarpine- this causes miosis (pupil constriction).
A 60 year old patient presents to eye emergency department feeling generally unwell and complaining of severe pain in both eyes. They say their eyes feel “hard”. They woke up this morning feeling sick. On examination both eyes have generalised redness, with pupils that are unreactive to light and they appear to be dilated. Which of these would NOT be an appropriate management?
- Miotic eye drops (Pilocarpine)
- IV Acetazolamide
- Keep the patient in a dark room
- Beta blocker eye drops (Timolol)
Keep the patient in a dark room
The diagnosis is AACG- This will worsen the angle closure by causing pupillary dilation.
Which of the following eye drops should be used first line in patients with primary open angle glaucoma?
- Prostaglandin anaglogues (Lantanoprost)
- Beta blocker (Timolol)
- Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
- Prostaglandin anaglogues (Lantanoprost)
Retinal detachment is more likely to occur in which eye shape?
Myopic
Hypermetropic
Myopic
Name 2 or more features that are present in orbital cellulitis that are NOT present in periorbital (pre-septal) cellulitis.
- Proptosis
- Reduced eye movements
- Painful eye movements (ophthalmoplegia)
- Chemosis (swelling of the conjunctiva)
Which of these terms means a lazy eye?
Strabismus
Leukoconia
Amblyopia
Nystagmus
Amblyopia
Which of these terms means whitening of the pupil?
Strabismus
Leukoconia
Amblyopia
Nystagmus
Leukoconia
Name 1 or more complication of myopia (short sightedness).
- POAG
- Cataract
- Retinal detachment
Which type of lens is used to correct myopia?
Concave lens
Which type of lens is used to correct hypermetropia?
Convex lens
What is the commonest cause of blindness in people of working age (20-65yrs) in the UK?
Glaucoma
Cataracts
Diabetes
Diabetes
Name 1 or more factors in a diabetic patient that increase the risk of them getting diabetic retinopathy.
- Poor gylcaemic control
- Poor BP control
- Smoking
- Pregnancy
- Type 1 diabetes
- Having diabetic nephropathy
- Hypercholesterolaemia
Which type of diabetes has a higher risk of Diabetic retinopathy?
Type 1 diabetes
What is usually the earliest sign of diabetic retinopathy?
Hard exudates
Blot haemorrhages
Neovascularisation
Microaneurysms
Microaneurysms
Name 1 or more eye complications of diabetes that may occur (excluding retinopathy).
- Neovascular glaucoma
- Cataracts
- Retinal detachment
- Corneal abrasions
- Neovasculature of the / retina iris leading to bleeding and hyphaema, and vitreous haemorrhage
- Cranial nerve palsies (occulomotor and abducens)
- Refractive error due to lens shape changes
Which of these eye features is NOT a typical feature found in hyperthyroidism?
Proptosis (exophthalmos) Lid lag Lid retraction Enophthalmos Swollen extra-occular muscles
Enophthalmos
POAG is more common in which eye type?
Myopic eye
Hypermetropic eye
Myopic eye
AACG is more common in which eye type?
Myopic eye
Hypermetropic eye
Hypermetropic eye
Paton’s lines are a feature seen on fundoscopy in which of the following conditions?
ARMD
POAG
Retinal deatchment
Papilloedema
Papilloedema
A patient presents with a painful unilateral loss of vision. They have a central scotoma and red desaturation, with a RAPD seen on examination. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Optic neuritis
Dry ARMD
Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion
Optic neuritis
