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Medicine > Oncology > Flashcards

Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

Which chemo drug that acts as an alkylating agent has side effects including haemorrhagic cystitis and myelosuppression?

A

Cyclophosphamide

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2
Q

The most common causes of lytic bone lesions are metastases and which type of cancer?

A

Myeloma

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3
Q

Name the 2 cancers that are the most likely cause of SVC obstruction.

A
  1. Non small cell lung cancer

2. Lymphoma

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4
Q

Alpha feto protein (AFP) is a tumour marker for hepatocellular carcinoma and which type of testicular cancer?

A

Teratoma

Non seminomatous germ cell cancer

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5
Q

Neutropenic sepsis involves a temperature of >38 and a neutrophil count of

A

<0.5

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6
Q

____________ 16mg/24hr PO should be given to patients with spinal cord compression or SVC syndrome.

A

Dexamethasone

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7
Q

What effect does Dexamethasone and other steriods have on blood glucose levels?

A

Raises blood glucose

Hyperglycaemia

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8
Q

Name 3 or more cancer types that commonly cause spinal cord compression.

A
  1. Prostate
  2. Breast
  3. Lung
  4. Melanoma
  5. Myeloma
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9
Q

Name 2 or more cancers that commonly cause brain metastases.

A

1, Lung

  1. Breast
  2. Colorectal
  3. Melanoma
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10
Q

Dexamethasone can be used for brain metastases and which other 2 oncological emergencies?

A
  1. SVC syndrome

2. Spinal cord compression

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11
Q

Which imaging technique should be ordered urgently in patients presenting with signs of spinal cord compression?

A

MRI

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12
Q

Name 2 or more paraneoplastic syndromes.

A
  1. Hypercalcaemia
  2. Lambert Eaton syndrome
  3. SIADH
  4. Cushing Syndrome
  5. Dermatomyositis/ polymyositis
  6. Neuropathy
  7. Acanthosis nigricans
  8. Pemphigus
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13
Q

Which malignancy is most commonly associated with Lambert Eaton syndrome?

A

Small cell lung cancer

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14
Q

In tumour lysis syndrome, what happens to serum phosphate, potassium and urate levels?

A

They increase
Hyperkalaemia
Hyperphosphataemia
Hyperuricaemia

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15
Q

In tumour lysis syndrome, what happens to serum calcium levels?

A

They decrease

Hypocalcaemia

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16
Q

Acanthosis nigricans is velvety hyperpigmented skin associated with which malignancy?

A

GI cancer

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17
Q

Between what ages are patients offered a home testing kit as part of the bowel cancer screening programme?

A

60-74 years

Every 2 years

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18
Q

CA 15.3 is a tumour marker used in monitoring which cancer?

A

Breast cancer

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19
Q

hCG is a tumour marker used in diagnosis and monitoring which cancer?

A

Germ cell (testicular)

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20
Q

Calcitonin is a tumour marker for which type of thyroid cancer?

A

Medullary thyroid cancer

21
Q

Which Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia is associated with tumours of the pituitary, pancreas and parathyroids?

MEN1
MEN2A
MEN2B

A

MEN 1

22
Q

Which Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia is associated with Marfinoid body habitus, medullary thyroid tumours, phaeochromocytomas and mucosal neuromas?

MEN1
MEN2A
MEN2B

A

MEN2B

23
Q

Which of the following chemotherapy agents causes cardiomyopathy as a side effect?

Doxorubicin
Docataxel
Cyclyphosphamide
Bleomycin

A

Doxorubicin

(Docatxel causes neuotropenia, Cyclophosphamide causes haemorrhagic cystitis and myelosuppression, Bleomycin causes lung fibrosis)

24
Q

What is the most common and early feature of metastatic spinal cord compression?

A

Back pain

25
Q

Which of the following HPV subtypes is a risk factor for cervical cancer?

HPV 6
HPV 16
HPV 22

A

HPV 16

HPV 18 and 33 are also risk factors for cervical cancer.

26
Q

Which of the following signs is positive when bilateral arm elevation causes facial plethora in a patient?

Babinski sign
Pemberton’s sign
Froment’s sign
Murphy’s sign

A

Pemberton’s sign = bilateral arm elevation causes facial plethora (SVS syndrome)

Babinski sign= extensor plantar response in UMN lesion
Froment’s sign= Ulnar nerve palsy

Murphy’s sign = cholecystitis

27
Q

Which anti-emetic is best for nausea and vomiting due to raised intracranial pressure?

Cyclizine
Haloperidol
Levomepromazine

A

Cyclizine- is antihistaminic and antimuscarinic

28
Q

Which anti-emetic is best for nausea and vomiting due to gastric stasis?

Cyclizine
Ondansetron
Metoclopramide

A

Metoclopramide

29
Q

Which anti-emetic can cause extra-pyramidal side effects due to crossing the blood brain barrier?

Cyclizine
Ondansetron
Metoclopramide

A

Metoclopramide

30
Q

Which anti-emetic can cause tachycardia, dry mouth, constipation and sedation as side effects?

Cyclizine
Ondansetron
Metoclopramide

A

Cyclizine

31
Q

Which antio-emetic is broad spectrum (works on multiple receptors) and is frequently used in palliative care?

Cyclizine
Haloperidol
Levomepromazine

A

Levomepromazine

32
Q

Which anti-emetic is often used post surgery or post chemo?

Cyclizine
Ondansetron
Haloperidol

A

Ondansetron

33
Q

Which drug used in the treatment of breast cancer can cause side effects including osteoporosis and arthralgia?

Tamoxifen
Aromatase inhibitors (Anastrazole)
Docataxel
Herceptin

A

Aromatase inhibitors (Anastrazole)

34
Q

Which drug used in the treatment of breast cancer can cause side effects including VTEs and Endometrial cancer?

Tamoxifen
Aromatase inhibitors (Anastrazole)
Docataxel
Herceptin

A

Tamoxifen

35
Q

Which chemotherapy drug is hepatotoxic and can cause tumour lysis syndrome and pneumonitis as side effects?

Tamoxifen
Cyclophosphamide
Methotrexate
Docataxel

A

Methotrexate

36
Q

Which drug can cause peripheral neuropathy, ototoxicity and hypomagnesia as side effects?

Cyclophosphamide
Methotrexate
Docataxel
Cisplatin

A

Cisplatin

37
Q

Which of the following chemotherapy drugs causes hair loss and cholinergic syndrome as side effects?

Methotrexate
Docataxel
Irinotecan
Cisplatin

A

Irinotecan

38
Q

Give 2 acute side effects of radiotherapy for breast cancer.

A
  1. Fatigue
  2. Cough
  3. Loss of hair in treatment area
  4. Skin erythema/ desquamation
  5. Breast swelling
  6. Breast pain
39
Q

Give 2 long term side effects of radiotherapy for breast cancer.

A
  1. Skin darkening
  2. Telangiectasia
  3. Cardiotoxicity
  4. Osteoporosis and rib weakness
  5. Brachial plexopathy
  6. Increased cancer risk
  7. Pneumonitis/ pulmonary fibrosis
  8. Change in breast shape and texture
40
Q

Name 1 example of an Antimetabolite chemo drug.

A
  1. 5-Flurouracil
  2. Methotrexate
  3. Capecitabine
  4. Mercaptopurine
41
Q

Name 1 example of an Alkylating agent chemo drug.

A
  1. Cyclophosphamide
42
Q

Name 1 example of a Platinum compound chemo drug.

A
  1. Cisplatin

2. Oxaliplatin

43
Q

Name 1 example of an Antitumour antibiotic chemo drug.

A
  1. Epirubicin
  2. Doxorubicin
  3. Bleomycin
  4. Mitomycin
44
Q

Name 1 example of a Taxane chemo drug.

A
  1. Docataxel

2. Paclitaxel

45
Q

Name 1 example of a Vinka Alkyloid chemo drug.

A
  1. Vincristine

2. Vinblastine

46
Q

Which familial cancer syndrome presents an increased risk of early onset breast cancer, sarcoma, leukaemia, brain tumours and adrenal cortical tumours?

Von Hippel Lindau Syndrome
MEN 1
MEN2A
Li Fraumeni Syndrome

A

Li Fraumeni Syndrome

47
Q

Which familial cancer syndrome presents an increased risk of phaeochromocytoma, renal cell carcinoma and haemangiomas of the eye and brain?

Von Hippel Lindau Syndrome
MEN 1
MEN2A
Li Fraumeni Syndrome

A

Von Hippel Lindau Syndrome

48
Q

The revised Amsterdam Criteria are used in the diagnosis of which genetic cancer syndrome?

A

Lynch syndrome (HNPCC)

Medicine (11 decks)

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