Oncology Flashcards
Which chemo drug that acts as an alkylating agent has side effects including haemorrhagic cystitis and myelosuppression?
Cyclophosphamide
The most common causes of lytic bone lesions are metastases and which type of cancer?
Myeloma
Name the 2 cancers that are the most likely cause of SVC obstruction.
- Non small cell lung cancer
2. Lymphoma
Alpha feto protein (AFP) is a tumour marker for hepatocellular carcinoma and which type of testicular cancer?
Teratoma
Non seminomatous germ cell cancer
Neutropenic sepsis involves a temperature of >38 and a neutrophil count of
<0.5
____________ 16mg/24hr PO should be given to patients with spinal cord compression or SVC syndrome.
Dexamethasone
What effect does Dexamethasone and other steriods have on blood glucose levels?
Raises blood glucose
Hyperglycaemia
Name 3 or more cancer types that commonly cause spinal cord compression.
- Prostate
- Breast
- Lung
- Melanoma
- Myeloma
Name 2 or more cancers that commonly cause brain metastases.
1, Lung
- Breast
- Colorectal
- Melanoma
Dexamethasone can be used for brain metastases and which other 2 oncological emergencies?
- SVC syndrome
2. Spinal cord compression
Which imaging technique should be ordered urgently in patients presenting with signs of spinal cord compression?
MRI
Name 2 or more paraneoplastic syndromes.
- Hypercalcaemia
- Lambert Eaton syndrome
- SIADH
- Cushing Syndrome
- Dermatomyositis/ polymyositis
- Neuropathy
- Acanthosis nigricans
- Pemphigus
Which malignancy is most commonly associated with Lambert Eaton syndrome?
Small cell lung cancer
In tumour lysis syndrome, what happens to serum phosphate, potassium and urate levels?
They increase
Hyperkalaemia
Hyperphosphataemia
Hyperuricaemia
In tumour lysis syndrome, what happens to serum calcium levels?
They decrease
Hypocalcaemia
Acanthosis nigricans is velvety hyperpigmented skin associated with which malignancy?
GI cancer
Between what ages are patients offered a home testing kit as part of the bowel cancer screening programme?
60-74 years
Every 2 years
CA 15.3 is a tumour marker used in monitoring which cancer?
Breast cancer
hCG is a tumour marker used in diagnosis and monitoring which cancer?
Germ cell (testicular)
Calcitonin is a tumour marker for which type of thyroid cancer?
Medullary thyroid cancer
Which Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia is associated with tumours of the pituitary, pancreas and parathyroids?
MEN1
MEN2A
MEN2B
MEN 1
Which Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia is associated with Marfinoid body habitus, medullary thyroid tumours, phaeochromocytomas and mucosal neuromas?
MEN1
MEN2A
MEN2B
MEN2B
Which of the following chemotherapy agents causes cardiomyopathy as a side effect?
Doxorubicin
Docataxel
Cyclyphosphamide
Bleomycin
Doxorubicin
(Docatxel causes neuotropenia, Cyclophosphamide causes haemorrhagic cystitis and myelosuppression, Bleomycin causes lung fibrosis)
What is the most common and early feature of metastatic spinal cord compression?
Back pain
Which of the following HPV subtypes is a risk factor for cervical cancer?
HPV 6
HPV 16
HPV 22
HPV 16
HPV 18 and 33 are also risk factors for cervical cancer.
Which of the following signs is positive when bilateral arm elevation causes facial plethora in a patient?
Babinski sign
Pemberton’s sign
Froment’s sign
Murphy’s sign
Pemberton’s sign = bilateral arm elevation causes facial plethora (SVS syndrome)
Babinski sign= extensor plantar response in UMN lesion
Froment’s sign= Ulnar nerve palsy
Murphy’s sign = cholecystitis
Which anti-emetic is best for nausea and vomiting due to raised intracranial pressure?
Cyclizine
Haloperidol
Levomepromazine
Cyclizine- is antihistaminic and antimuscarinic
Which anti-emetic is best for nausea and vomiting due to gastric stasis?
Cyclizine
Ondansetron
Metoclopramide
Metoclopramide
Which anti-emetic can cause extra-pyramidal side effects due to crossing the blood brain barrier?
Cyclizine
Ondansetron
Metoclopramide
Metoclopramide
Which anti-emetic can cause tachycardia, dry mouth, constipation and sedation as side effects?
Cyclizine
Ondansetron
Metoclopramide
Cyclizine
Which antio-emetic is broad spectrum (works on multiple receptors) and is frequently used in palliative care?
Cyclizine
Haloperidol
Levomepromazine
Levomepromazine
Which anti-emetic is often used post surgery or post chemo?
Cyclizine
Ondansetron
Haloperidol
Ondansetron
Which drug used in the treatment of breast cancer can cause side effects including osteoporosis and arthralgia?
Tamoxifen
Aromatase inhibitors (Anastrazole)
Docataxel
Herceptin
Aromatase inhibitors (Anastrazole)
Which drug used in the treatment of breast cancer can cause side effects including VTEs and Endometrial cancer?
Tamoxifen
Aromatase inhibitors (Anastrazole)
Docataxel
Herceptin
Tamoxifen
Which chemotherapy drug is hepatotoxic and can cause tumour lysis syndrome and pneumonitis as side effects?
Tamoxifen
Cyclophosphamide
Methotrexate
Docataxel
Methotrexate
Which drug can cause peripheral neuropathy, ototoxicity and hypomagnesia as side effects?
Cyclophosphamide
Methotrexate
Docataxel
Cisplatin
Cisplatin
Which of the following chemotherapy drugs causes hair loss and cholinergic syndrome as side effects?
Methotrexate
Docataxel
Irinotecan
Cisplatin
Irinotecan
Give 2 acute side effects of radiotherapy for breast cancer.
- Fatigue
- Cough
- Loss of hair in treatment area
- Skin erythema/ desquamation
- Breast swelling
- Breast pain
Give 2 long term side effects of radiotherapy for breast cancer.
- Skin darkening
- Telangiectasia
- Cardiotoxicity
- Osteoporosis and rib weakness
- Brachial plexopathy
- Increased cancer risk
- Pneumonitis/ pulmonary fibrosis
- Change in breast shape and texture
Name 1 example of an Antimetabolite chemo drug.
- 5-Flurouracil
- Methotrexate
- Capecitabine
- Mercaptopurine
Name 1 example of an Alkylating agent chemo drug.
- Cyclophosphamide
Name 1 example of a Platinum compound chemo drug.
- Cisplatin
2. Oxaliplatin
Name 1 example of an Antitumour antibiotic chemo drug.
- Epirubicin
- Doxorubicin
- Bleomycin
- Mitomycin
Name 1 example of a Taxane chemo drug.
- Docataxel
2. Paclitaxel
Name 1 example of a Vinka Alkyloid chemo drug.
- Vincristine
2. Vinblastine
Which familial cancer syndrome presents an increased risk of early onset breast cancer, sarcoma, leukaemia, brain tumours and adrenal cortical tumours?
Von Hippel Lindau Syndrome
MEN 1
MEN2A
Li Fraumeni Syndrome
Li Fraumeni Syndrome
Which familial cancer syndrome presents an increased risk of phaeochromocytoma, renal cell carcinoma and haemangiomas of the eye and brain?
Von Hippel Lindau Syndrome
MEN 1
MEN2A
Li Fraumeni Syndrome
Von Hippel Lindau Syndrome
The revised Amsterdam Criteria are used in the diagnosis of which genetic cancer syndrome?
Lynch syndrome (HNPCC)
