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Medicine > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

A _____ is a flat lesion >0.5cm wide. Eg Vitiligo

A

Patch

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2
Q

A _____ is a solid raised palpable lesion that is >0.5cm diameter.

A

Nodule

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3
Q

A ______ is a blister <0.5cm containing pus.

A

Pustule

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4
Q

An ______ is a circumscribed area of skin loss which extends into the dermis.

A

Ulcer

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5
Q

Name 1 or more cause of erythema nodosum.

A
  1. Sarcoidosis
  2. Pregnancy
  3. Malignancy
  4. IBD
  5. Group A beta haemolytic Strep infection
  6. Chlamydia
  7. TB
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6
Q

Name the 5 layers of the epidermis from top to bottom.

A
  1. Stratum corneum
  2. Stratum lucidum
  3. Stratum granulosum
  4. Stratum spinosum
  5. Stratum basale
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7
Q

Which of these is the fine long hair found in a fetus?

Lanugo hair
Vellus hair
Terminal hair

A

Lanugo hair

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8
Q

Which of these is a fine short hair found on all body surfaces?

Lanugo hair
Vellus hair
Terminal hair

A

Vellus hair

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9
Q

What are the 4 stages of wound healing in order?

A
  1. Haemostasis- vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation
  2. Infiltration- vasodilation & migration of neutrophils/ macrophages
  3. Proliferation- fibroblasts generate granulation tissue, angiogenesis
  4. Remodeling- re-organisation of collagen
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10
Q

Which of these is a circumscribed area of skin loss which extends to the dermis?

Erosion
Ulcer
Carbuncle

A

Ulcer

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11
Q

Which of these is a Staph infection around or within a hair follicle?

Bulla
Furuncle/ boil
Lichenification

A

Furuncle/ boil

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12
Q

___________ is well defined roughening of skin, with accenuation of skin markings eg. due to chronic rubbing in eczema.

A

Lichenification

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13
Q

Which of these skin conditions is renowned for its ring-like lesions (target lesions)?

Erythema multiforme
Urticaria
Erythema nodosum

A

Erythema multiforme

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14
Q

A patient has a painful large ulcer on their left medial malleolar area, which is shallow and has a granulating base. They also have lipodermatosclerosis. They have normal peripheral pulses and a normal ABPI. Which type of ulcer is it most likely to be?

Arterial ulcer
Venous ulcer
Neuropathic ulcer

A

Venous ulcer

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15
Q

A patient has a small deep ulcer with a necrotic base on their right big toe. Their ABPI is <0.8. Associated with the ulcer the patient has pale cold shiny skin. Which type of ulcer is it most likely to be?

Arterial ulcer
Venous ulcer
Neuropathic ulcer

A

Arterial ulcer

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16
Q

75% of skin cancers are …………

A

Basal cell carcinomas

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17
Q

What is the most common variety of basal cell carcinoma?

Cystic
Superficial
Nodular

A

Nodular

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18
Q

Which of these terms describes a skin reaction where the epidermis becomes raised due to local increased permeability of capillaries and venules causing swelling of the superficial dermis?

Urticaria
Angiodema
Anaphylaxis

A

Urticaria

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19
Q

How can urticaria be managed?

A

Anti histamines

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20
Q

How can angiodema be managed?

A

Anti histamines

Corticosteroids

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21
Q

Which of these terms describes a hypersensitivity reaction involving discrete red nodules, usually on the shins, which appear over 1-2 weeks then resolve leaving bruise like patterns?

Erythema multiforme
Urticaria
Erythema nodosum

A

Erythema nodosum

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22
Q

Give 1 or more possible causes of erythema nodosum.

A
  1. Sarcoidosis
  2. Malignancy
  3. Group A beta haemolytic strep infection eg. Pharyngitis
  4. IBD
  5. Chlamydia
  6. Pregnancy
  7. TB
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23
Q

90% of cases of erythema multiforme are caused by which virus?

A

Herpes Simplex Virus.

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24
Q

Which dermatological emergency involves a mucocutaneous necrosis with 2 or more mucosal sites involved, and often has a prodrome illness with flu-like symptoms?

Erythema multiforme
Urticaria
Steven Johnson syndrome
Erythema nodosum

A

Steven Johnson syndrome

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25
Q

Which dermatological emergency involves a mucocutaneous necrosis with full thickness epidermal loss, and apoptosis of keratinocytes?

Steven Johnson syndrome
Erythema nodosum
Toxic epidermal necrolysis

A

Toxic epidermal necrolysis

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26
Q

Name 1 or more drug that may cause Steven Johnson syndrome or Toxic epidermal necrolysis?

A

Allopurinol
Carbamazepine
Lamotrigine
Phenytoin

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27
Q

Which of these is the medical term for melanoma in situ?

Lentingo maligna
Melanocytic nevus
Pyogenic granuloma

A

Lentigo maligna

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28
Q

Which of these is the medical term for squamous cell carcinoma in situ?

Lentingo maligna
Bowen’s disease
Melanocytic nevus
Pyogenic granuloma

A

Bowen’s disease

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29
Q

Which of these is the medical term for a mole?

Bowen’s disease
Melanocytic nevus
Pyogenic granuloma

A

Melanocytic nevus

30
Q

Which of these conditions increases the likelihood of skin tags occurring?

RA
Type 2 diabetes
Obesity

A

Type 2 diabetes

Obesity

31
Q

Which of these is a benign overgrowth of capillaries leading to a red shiny lump formation?

Pyogenic granuloma
Melanocytic nevus
Bullous Pemphigoid

A

Pyogenic granuloma

32
Q

Which of these autoimmune skin conditions is more common in the elderly and is caused by autoantibodies attacking the hemidesmosomes between the epidermis and dermis?

Bullous pemphigoid
Pemphigus vulgaris
Dermatitis herpetiformis

A

Bullous pemphigoid

33
Q

Which of these autoimmune skin conditions is more common in middle aged people and is caused by autoantibodies attacking the demolein proteins in the epidermis leading to mucosal blistering?

Bullous pemphigoid
Pemphigus vulgaris
Dermatitis herpetiformis

A

Pemphigus vulgaris

34
Q

Which of these dermatological conditions is associated with coeliac disease?

Pyoderma gangrenosum
Dermatitis herpetiformis
Granuloma annulare

A

Dermatitis herpetiformis

35
Q

Which of these dermatological conditions is associated with IBD?

Pyoderma gangrenosum
Dermatitis herpetiformis
Acanthosis nigracaqns

A

Pyoderma gangrenosum

36
Q

Which of these dermatological conditions is associated with diabetes and RA and involves shiny red or brown patches caused by damaged collagen fibres?

Necrobiosis lipodica
Granuloma annulare
Pruritis

A

Necrobiosis lipodica

37
Q

Eczema more commonly occurs on which skin surfaces in adults?

A

Flexor surfaces

38
Q

Psoriasis more commonly occurs on which skin surfaces in adults?

A

Extensor surfaces

39
Q

Which bacteria usually causes Erysipelas?

A

Group A beta haemolytic strep eg. Strep pyogenes

40
Q

Which bacteria usually causes Cellulitis?

A

Group A beta haemolytic strep eg. Strep pyogenes

Staph aureus

41
Q

Impetigo affects which layer of the skin?

A

Epidermis

42
Q

Which bacteria usually causes Folliculitis?

A

Staph aureus

43
Q

Which skin disorder(s) is Dapsone the sulfonamide antibiotic used for?

A

Dermatitis Herpetiformis

Pyoderma Gangrenosum

44
Q

Which part of the body is usually affected by Pyoderma Gangrenosum?

A

Legs

45
Q

Give examples of ways to manage eczema.

A
  1. Topical emollients
  2. Topical steroids
  3. Topical immunomodulators
  4. Oral antihistamines
  5. Oral antibiotics/ antivirals (if infected)
  6. Oral immunosuppressants eg. Azathioprine, Methotrexate, Ciclosporin
  7. Oral steriods
  8. Injectable biologics eg. Dupilumab
  9. Dietary changes
46
Q

Describe the appearance of psoriasis.

A

Hyperkeratinisation
Plaques
Raised red/ pink skin
Silvery white scales

Usually on extensor surfaces

47
Q

Give examples of ways to manage psoriasis.

A
  1. Topical emollients
  2. Avoid precipitating factors
  3. Topical steroids
  4. Topical retinoids
  5. Topical Vit D analogs
  6. Oral immunosuppressants eg.Methotrexate, Ciclosporin
  7. Oral retinoids eg. Acetretin
  8. Phototherapy
  9. Biologics
48
Q

Name 3 or more of the 5 types of psoriatic arthritis.

A
  1. Symmetrical polyarthritis
  2. Asymmetrical oligoarthritis
  3. Sponylosis
  4. DIP joints
  5. Arthritis mutilans
49
Q

Which oral antibiotics can be used in acne?

A
  1. Tetracyclins

2. Erythromycin

50
Q

Which antibiotics can be given for Erysipelas/ Cellulitis?

A

Flucloxacillin

Benzylpenicillin

51
Q

Which infects the deep subcutaneous tissue- erysipelas or cellulitis?

A

Cellulitis

52
Q

Which Herpes virus usually causes cold sores?

A

HSV1

53
Q

Which Herpes virus usually causes genital herpes?

A

HSV2

54
Q

Shingles is caused by reactivation of which virus?

A

Herpes Zoster Virus

55
Q

Give 1 example of an oral antifungal that can be used for dermatophyte/ candida infections?

A

Fluconazole

Itraconazole

56
Q

What is the best initial treatment for mild psoriasis?

Topical steroid PLUS Vit D analog
Vit D analog
Oral steroid
UVB therapy

A

Topical steroid PLUS Vit D analog

For up tp 4 weeks

57
Q

Which topical treatments can be used initially for psoriasis?

A
  1. Topical steroids
  2. Vit D analogs eg. Calcipotriol
  3. Dithranol
  4. Tar
58
Q

If topical therapies have failed, what hospital treatments can be used next for psoriasis?

A
  1. UVB therapy
  2. PUVA therapy (Psoralen plus UVA)
  3. Dithranol in hospital
59
Q

For severe psoriasis that has not responded to topical therapies or phototherpy, what oral treatments are available?

A
  1. Immunosuppressants (Methotrexate, Ciclosporin)
  2. Retinoids- Acitretin
  3. Biologics- Adalimumab
60
Q

Which 2 immunosuppressants are most often used for severe psoriasis?

A
  1. Methotrexate

2. Ciclosporin

61
Q

Name 2 or more side effects of Methotrexate?

A
  1. Teratogenic
  2. Hepatotoxic
  3. Pneumonitis
  4. Mouth ulcers
  5. Bone marrow suppression
  6. Hair loss
62
Q

Adaliumab is a biologic used for Psoriasis and works by being…..

Anti B cell
Anti Il-6
Anti TNF alpha
Anti T cell

A

Anti TNF alpha

63
Q

Allergic contact dermatitis (eczema) is which type of hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Type 4 (T cell mediated)

64
Q

Latex allergy is which type of hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Type 1 (IgE mediated)

65
Q

Give 3 or more causes of generalised pruritis WITHOUT a rash.

A
  1. Liver failure- alcohol, PBC, cholestasis
  2. Chronic kidney disease
  3. Iron deficiency anaemia
  4. Hypo or hyperthyroidism
  5. Lymphoma
  6. Polycythaemia
  7. Diabetes
  8. Pregnancy
  9. Senile pruritis
  10. Adverse drug reactions
66
Q

Name the 3 topical treatments that can be used to manage mild acne.

A
  1. Benzoyl peroxide
  2. Topical retinoids
  3. Topical antibiotics eg. Clindamycin, Erythromycin
67
Q

Name 2 or more side effects/ problems caused by Roaccutane (Isotretinoin) used for acne.

A
  1. Teratogenic
  2. Dry mouth, nose, lips
  3. Photosensitivity
  4. Myalgia/ arthralgia
  5. Mood changes including depression and suicidal thoughts
  6. Disturbance of lipids and LFTs
  7. Hair loss
68
Q

Name 3 types of oral treatment that can be used to manage acne.

A
  1. Oral contraceptive pill
  2. Oral antibiotics (Tetracyclins/ Erythrocyclin)
  3. Oral retinoids (Isotretinoin aka. Roaccutane)
69
Q

Give 2 or more differentials for a pigmented lesion that appears to be melanoma.

A
  1. Lentigo maligna (melanoma in situ)
  2. Atypical naevi
  3. Pigmented BCC
  4. Seborrhoeic keratoses
70
Q

What treatment options are available for actinic keratoses?

name 3 or more

A
  1. No treatment if mild
  2. Creams eg. Diclofenac, Flurouracil, Imiquimod
  3. Cryotherapy
  4. Photodynamic therapy
  5. Surgical excision and curettage

Medicine (11 decks)

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