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Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

A _____ is a flat lesion >0.5cm wide. Eg Vitiligo

A

Patch

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2
Q

A _____ is a solid raised palpable lesion that is >0.5cm diameter.

A

Nodule

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3
Q

A ______ is a blister <0.5cm containing pus.

A

Pustule

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4
Q

An ______ is a circumscribed area of skin loss which extends into the dermis.

A

Ulcer

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5
Q

Name 1 or more cause of erythema nodosum.

A
  1. Sarcoidosis
  2. Pregnancy
  3. Malignancy
  4. IBD
  5. Group A beta haemolytic Strep infection
  6. Chlamydia
  7. TB
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6
Q

Name the 5 layers of the epidermis from top to bottom.

A
  1. Stratum corneum
  2. Stratum lucidum
  3. Stratum granulosum
  4. Stratum spinosum
  5. Stratum basale
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7
Q

Which of these is the fine long hair found in a fetus?

Lanugo hair
Vellus hair
Terminal hair

A

Lanugo hair

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8
Q

Which of these is a fine short hair found on all body surfaces?

Lanugo hair
Vellus hair
Terminal hair

A

Vellus hair

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9
Q

What are the 4 stages of wound healing in order?

A
  1. Haemostasis- vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation
  2. Infiltration- vasodilation & migration of neutrophils/ macrophages
  3. Proliferation- fibroblasts generate granulation tissue, angiogenesis
  4. Remodeling- re-organisation of collagen
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10
Q

Which of these is a circumscribed area of skin loss which extends to the dermis?

Erosion
Ulcer
Carbuncle

A

Ulcer

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11
Q

Which of these is a Staph infection around or within a hair follicle?

Bulla
Furuncle/ boil
Lichenification

A

Furuncle/ boil

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12
Q

___________ is well defined roughening of skin, with accenuation of skin markings eg. due to chronic rubbing in eczema.

A

Lichenification

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13
Q

Which of these skin conditions is renowned for its ring-like lesions (target lesions)?

Erythema multiforme
Urticaria
Erythema nodosum

A

Erythema multiforme

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14
Q

A patient has a painful large ulcer on their left medial malleolar area, which is shallow and has a granulating base. They also have lipodermatosclerosis. They have normal peripheral pulses and a normal ABPI. Which type of ulcer is it most likely to be?

Arterial ulcer
Venous ulcer
Neuropathic ulcer

A

Venous ulcer

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15
Q

A patient has a small deep ulcer with a necrotic base on their right big toe. Their ABPI is <0.8. Associated with the ulcer the patient has pale cold shiny skin. Which type of ulcer is it most likely to be?

Arterial ulcer
Venous ulcer
Neuropathic ulcer

A

Arterial ulcer

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16
Q

75% of skin cancers are …………

A

Basal cell carcinomas

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17
Q

What is the most common variety of basal cell carcinoma?

Cystic
Superficial
Nodular

A

Nodular

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18
Q

Which of these terms describes a skin reaction where the epidermis becomes raised due to local increased permeability of capillaries and venules causing swelling of the superficial dermis?

Urticaria
Angiodema
Anaphylaxis

A

Urticaria

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19
Q

How can urticaria be managed?

A

Anti histamines

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20
Q

How can angiodema be managed?

A

Anti histamines

Corticosteroids

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21
Q

Which of these terms describes a hypersensitivity reaction involving discrete red nodules, usually on the shins, which appear over 1-2 weeks then resolve leaving bruise like patterns?

Erythema multiforme
Urticaria
Erythema nodosum

A

Erythema nodosum

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22
Q

Give 1 or more possible causes of erythema nodosum.

A
  1. Sarcoidosis
  2. Malignancy
  3. Group A beta haemolytic strep infection eg. Pharyngitis
  4. IBD
  5. Chlamydia
  6. Pregnancy
  7. TB
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23
Q

90% of cases of erythema multiforme are caused by which virus?

A

Herpes Simplex Virus.

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24
Q

Which dermatological emergency involves a mucocutaneous necrosis with 2 or more mucosal sites involved, and often has a prodrome illness with flu-like symptoms?

Erythema multiforme
Urticaria
Steven Johnson syndrome
Erythema nodosum

A

Steven Johnson syndrome

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25
Which dermatological emergency involves a mucocutaneous necrosis with full thickness epidermal loss, and apoptosis of keratinocytes? Steven Johnson syndrome Erythema nodosum Toxic epidermal necrolysis
Toxic epidermal necrolysis
26
Name 1 or more drug that may cause Steven Johnson syndrome or Toxic epidermal necrolysis?
Allopurinol Carbamazepine Lamotrigine Phenytoin
27
Which of these is the medical term for melanoma in situ? Lentingo maligna Melanocytic nevus Pyogenic granuloma
Lentigo maligna
28
Which of these is the medical term for squamous cell carcinoma in situ? Lentingo maligna Bowen's disease Melanocytic nevus Pyogenic granuloma
Bowen's disease
29
Which of these is the medical term for a mole? Bowen's disease Melanocytic nevus Pyogenic granuloma
Melanocytic nevus
30
Which of these conditions increases the likelihood of skin tags occurring? RA Type 2 diabetes Obesity
Type 2 diabetes | Obesity
31
Which of these is a benign overgrowth of capillaries leading to a red shiny lump formation? Pyogenic granuloma Melanocytic nevus Bullous Pemphigoid
Pyogenic granuloma
32
Which of these autoimmune skin conditions is more common in the elderly and is caused by autoantibodies attacking the hemidesmosomes between the epidermis and dermis? Bullous pemphigoid Pemphigus vulgaris Dermatitis herpetiformis
Bullous pemphigoid
33
Which of these autoimmune skin conditions is more common in middle aged people and is caused by autoantibodies attacking the demolein proteins in the epidermis leading to mucosal blistering? Bullous pemphigoid Pemphigus vulgaris Dermatitis herpetiformis
Pemphigus vulgaris
34
Which of these dermatological conditions is associated with coeliac disease? Pyoderma gangrenosum Dermatitis herpetiformis Granuloma annulare
Dermatitis herpetiformis
35
Which of these dermatological conditions is associated with IBD? Pyoderma gangrenosum Dermatitis herpetiformis Acanthosis nigracaqns
Pyoderma gangrenosum
36
Which of these dermatological conditions is associated with diabetes and RA and involves shiny red or brown patches caused by damaged collagen fibres? Necrobiosis lipodica Granuloma annulare Pruritis
Necrobiosis lipodica
37
Eczema more commonly occurs on which skin surfaces in adults?
Flexor surfaces
38
Psoriasis more commonly occurs on which skin surfaces in adults?
Extensor surfaces
39
Which bacteria usually causes Erysipelas?
Group A beta haemolytic strep eg. Strep pyogenes
40
Which bacteria usually causes Cellulitis?
Group A beta haemolytic strep eg. Strep pyogenes Staph aureus
41
Impetigo affects which layer of the skin?
Epidermis
42
Which bacteria usually causes Folliculitis?
Staph aureus
43
Which skin disorder(s) is Dapsone the sulfonamide antibiotic used for?
Dermatitis Herpetiformis Pyoderma Gangrenosum
44
Which part of the body is usually affected by Pyoderma Gangrenosum?
Legs
45
Give examples of ways to manage eczema.
1. Topical emollients 2. Topical steroids 3. Topical immunomodulators 4. Oral antihistamines 5. Oral antibiotics/ antivirals (if infected) 6. Oral immunosuppressants eg. Azathioprine, Methotrexate, Ciclosporin 7. Oral steriods 8. Injectable biologics eg. Dupilumab 9. Dietary changes
46
Describe the appearance of psoriasis.
Hyperkeratinisation Plaques Raised red/ pink skin Silvery white scales Usually on extensor surfaces
47
Give examples of ways to manage psoriasis.
1. Topical emollients 2. Avoid precipitating factors 3. Topical steroids 4. Topical retinoids 5. Topical Vit D analogs 6. Oral immunosuppressants eg.Methotrexate, Ciclosporin 7. Oral retinoids eg. Acetretin 8. Phototherapy 9. Biologics
48
Name 3 or more of the 5 types of psoriatic arthritis.
1. Symmetrical polyarthritis 2. Asymmetrical oligoarthritis 3. Sponylosis 4. DIP joints 5. Arthritis mutilans
49
Which oral antibiotics can be used in acne?
1. Tetracyclins | 2. Erythromycin
50
Which antibiotics can be given for Erysipelas/ Cellulitis?
Flucloxacillin | Benzylpenicillin
51
Which infects the deep subcutaneous tissue- erysipelas or cellulitis?
Cellulitis
52
Which Herpes virus usually causes cold sores?
HSV1
53
Which Herpes virus usually causes genital herpes?
HSV2
54
Shingles is caused by reactivation of which virus?
Herpes Zoster Virus
55
Give 1 example of an oral antifungal that can be used for dermatophyte/ candida infections?
Fluconazole | Itraconazole
56
What is the best initial treatment for mild psoriasis? Topical steroid PLUS Vit D analog Vit D analog Oral steroid UVB therapy
Topical steroid PLUS Vit D analog For up tp 4 weeks
57
Which topical treatments can be used initially for psoriasis?
1. Topical steroids 2. Vit D analogs eg. Calcipotriol 3. Dithranol 4. Tar
58
If topical therapies have failed, what hospital treatments can be used next for psoriasis?
1. UVB therapy 2. PUVA therapy (Psoralen plus UVA) 3. Dithranol in hospital
59
For severe psoriasis that has not responded to topical therapies or phototherpy, what oral treatments are available?
1. Immunosuppressants (Methotrexate, Ciclosporin) 2. Retinoids- Acitretin 3. Biologics- Adalimumab
60
Which 2 immunosuppressants are most often used for severe psoriasis?
1. Methotrexate | 2. Ciclosporin
61
Name 2 or more side effects of Methotrexate?
1. Teratogenic 2. Hepatotoxic 3. Pneumonitis 4. Mouth ulcers 5. Bone marrow suppression 6. Hair loss
62
Adaliumab is a biologic used for Psoriasis and works by being..... Anti B cell Anti Il-6 Anti TNF alpha Anti T cell
Anti TNF alpha
63
Allergic contact dermatitis (eczema) is which type of hypersensitivity reaction?
Type 4 (T cell mediated)
64
Latex allergy is which type of hypersensitivity reaction?
Type 1 (IgE mediated)
65
Give 3 or more causes of generalised pruritis WITHOUT a rash.
1. Liver failure- alcohol, PBC, cholestasis 2. Chronic kidney disease 3. Iron deficiency anaemia 4. Hypo or hyperthyroidism 5. Lymphoma 6. Polycythaemia 7. Diabetes 8. Pregnancy 9. Senile pruritis 10. Adverse drug reactions
66
Name the 3 topical treatments that can be used to manage mild acne.
1. Benzoyl peroxide 2. Topical retinoids 3. Topical antibiotics eg. Clindamycin, Erythromycin
67
Name 2 or more side effects/ problems caused by Roaccutane (Isotretinoin) used for acne.
1. Teratogenic 2. Dry mouth, nose, lips 3. Photosensitivity 4. Myalgia/ arthralgia 5. Mood changes including depression and suicidal thoughts 6. Disturbance of lipids and LFTs 7. Hair loss
68
Name 3 types of oral treatment that can be used to manage acne.
1. Oral contraceptive pill 2. Oral antibiotics (Tetracyclins/ Erythrocyclin) 3. Oral retinoids (Isotretinoin aka. Roaccutane)
69
Give 2 or more differentials for a pigmented lesion that appears to be melanoma.
1. Lentigo maligna (melanoma in situ) 2. Atypical naevi 3. Pigmented BCC 4. Seborrhoeic keratoses
70
What treatment options are available for actinic keratoses? | name 3 or more
1. No treatment if mild 2. Creams eg. Diclofenac, Flurouracil, Imiquimod 3. Cryotherapy 4. Photodynamic therapy 5. Surgical excision and curettage

Medicine (11 decks)

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